Answer Key

Practice 2.2

• Passage 1 main idea: The population of communities is really made up of a set of publics.
• Passage 2 main idea: Marketing research is a major component or subsystem within a marketing information system.
• Passage 3 main idea (implied): According to psychiatrist Richard Moscotti, the ability to work well is one key to a balanced life (main elements: psychiatrist, R. M., four keys, balanced life).
• The answer is 4: The unstated main idea is that, according to Moscotti, there are four keys to a balanced life.
  1. 1: Too detailed to be the main idea; it expresses just one key
  2. 2: A detail of the third key
  3. 3: Too detailed to be the main idea; it is only one of four keys

Practice 2.3

• Main term: eidetic imagery
• Definition: photographic memory
• Main idea: can recall every detail of a memory as clearly as if they were looking at a paragraph
• Supporting detail (example): a law student with eidetic imagery was accused of cheating on an examination because his test paper contained exactly the words in his textbook.

Practice 2.4

• • childhood shame
• • rage
• • anger turned against self out of guilt
• • dependence on others’ opinions of us for worth
• • rejection or outrageous demands from partners or employers
• • anger
• • guilt
• • anger turned against self, resulting in depression

Practice 2.5

• A. 4
• B. 4
• C. 2
• D. 1
• E. 4

Practice 5.1

• A. evaluate
• B. summarize
• C. synthesize
• D. analyze

Practice 5.3

• Possible answers: urgent, concerned, sincere, serious, candid, direct

Practice 7.2

1. 1. A and B indicate that in spite of low profits, the company will hire new staff. Implication: profits and hiring are unrelated.
2. 2. C and D indicate that because of low profits, the company will hire new staff. Implication: hiring may increase profits.
3. 3. The transitions in E, F, and G don’t make sense. They create confusion rather than clarifying meaning because instead of focusing on the message of the sentence, the reader must try to figure out what is implied by the words moreover, additionally, and meanwhile. The reader must guess at the connection between the sentences.

Practice 11.1

1. A. Exercising three times a week is the only way to maintain good physical health.
2. B. Sexism and racism are still rampant in today’s workplace.
3. C. Raising the legal driving age to twenty-one would decrease road-traffic accidents.
4. D. Owning a business is the only way to achieve financial success.
5. E. Dog owners should be prohibited from taking their pets on public beaches.

Practice 11.2

1. A. b
2. B. a
3. C. a
4. D. a

Practice 11.4

• This season, the plague of reality television continues to darken our airwaves.

Practice 11.5

• Cats and dogs have amazing senses that humans do not have and cannot yet understand.

Practice 11.6

• Last year, I was referred to a specialist and finally found a technique for controlling my anxiety: breathing exercises.

Practice 11.7

• F, R, R, E, Q, Q

Practice 11.9

• Topic sentence: One of the few mammals that can survive in a harsh desert environment, the kangaroo rat has made some fascinating adaptations to a dry climate.
• Supporting sentence: Able to live in some of the most arid parts of the southwest, the kangaroo rat neither sweats nor pants to keep cool.
• Supporting sentence: Its specialized kidneys enable it to survive on a minuscule amount of water.
• Supporting sentence: Unlike other desert creatures, the kangaroo rat does not store water in its body but instead is able to convert the dry seeds it eats into moisture.
• Closing sentence: Its ability to adapt to such a hostile environment makes the kangaroo rat a truly amazing creature.

Practice 12.2

1. A. W
2. B. S
3. C. W
4. D. W
5. E. S
6. F. W
7. A. 1
8. C. 2
9. D. 3
10. F. 4, 5

Practice 12.3

1. A. Classification / 4
2. B. Compare-contrast / 3
3. C. Cause-effect / 2
4. D. Argumentative / 3
5. E. Process / 4

Practice 14.5

• A. ii
• B. i
• C. iv
• D. v
• E. iii
• F. vii
• G. vi

Practice 14.6

1. A.
   1. i. Nurse Practitioners
   2. ii. Should Nurse Practitioners Work in Rural Health Care Settings?
   3. iii. Providing Better Rural Health Care
   4. iv. Nurse Practitioners: Partners in Providing Effective Health Care in Rural Alberta
   5. v. Nurse Practitioners: Yes or No?
   6. vi. Ways to Provide Better Health Care in Rural Alberta
2. B.
   1. i. ✘
   2. ii. ✘
   3. iii. ✘
   4. iv. ✔
   5. v. ✘
   6. vi. ✘
3. C. iv
4. D.
   1. i. Does not include a controlling idea and does not make an assertive statement
   2. ii. Does not make an assertive statement
   3. iii. Does not include the specific topic (nurse practitioners)
   4. v. Does not include a controlling idea and does not make an assertive statement
   5. vi. Does not include the specific topic (nurse practitioners) and does not include a specific controlling idea

Practice 15.1

1. A. Environmental factors influence our behaviour:
   1. 1. Temperature: extremes in temp. make concentration difficult
   2. 2. Lighting: inappropriate lighting is disorientating and affects function
   3. 3. Colour: colour affects mood (calm/stimulating)
2. B. Three environmental aspects affect human behaviour: temperature impacts concentration, light changes the ability to function, and colour influences mood.

Practice 15.2

1. A.
   • Vitamin C is important to our health.
   • Vitamin C can repair and prevent damage to the cells in our bodies and heal wounds.
   • It also keeps our teeth and gums healthy.
   • It protects our body from infections such as colds and flu and also helps us get better faster when we have these infections.
   • This wonderful vitamin is also good for our hearts.
   • Lack of vitamin C can lead to scurvy.
2. B. Vitamin C, which is found in many fruits and vegetables, is essential to human health. Vitamin C helps the body heal and repair damage. It contributes to good dental health. Vitamin C helps us fight off infections. It also contributes to heart health. Insufficient levels of vitamin C can cause serious disease, including scurvy.

Practice 16.6

1. A. Classification
2. B. Comparison
3. C. Cause and effect
4. D. Cause and effect
5. E. Classification
6. F. Comparison
7. G. Process
8. H. Comparison

Practice 16.7

1. A. Cause and effect
2. B. Cause and effect
3. C. Process
4. D. Comparison
5. E. Classification
6. F. Process
7. G. Cause and effect or process
8. H. Classification
9. I. Comparison
10. J. Comparison

Practice 20.4

1. A. The paragraph is clearly written with bias in favour of the Canadian soldiers.
2. B. In the first sentence, the writer mentions that the attack of the Métis was “a very dangerous situation,” implying that it was dangerous for the Canadian soldiers. In the second sentence, the writer states that the soldiers’ gunfire “prevented a disaster.” While it may have prevented “disaster” for the soldiers, it did not “prevent a disaster” for the Métis soldiers who were killed or injured by the Gatling gun (the first machine that rapidly fired multiple bullets). The paragraph asserts that the gun was used “to good effect”—again implying that the results were “good” for the Canadian soldiers (but surely the effect was not so good for the Métis men killed or wounded by the Gatling gun). Unlike the soldiers, the Métis didn’t have cannons or a Gatling gun.
3. C. “The Gatling gun was used to good effect, providing covering fire.”
4. D. Read a more balanced description of the battle—and notice the different word choices—in the Canadian Encyclopedia entry “The Battle of Batoche”: www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/battle-of-batoche-feature.

Practice 23.1

• Spelling: myth
• Pronunciation: mith
• Part of speech: noun
• Origin: the Greek word mythos
• Definition: (1) A traditional story, usually focusing on the deeds of gods or heroes, often in explanation of some natural phenomenon, as the origin of the sun, etc. It purports to be historical, but is useful to historians principally for what it reveals of the culture of the peoples it describes or among whom it was current. (2) A theme, motif, character type, etc., in modern literature that expresses or is felt to express significant truths about human life or human nature: the myth of the alienated man. (3) Myths collectively. (4) An imaginary or fictitious person, thing, event, or story. (5) A collective opinion, belief, or ideal that is based on false premises or is the product of fallacious reasoning. (6) An allegory or parable used to explain or illustrates philosophic concept, as in Plato’s dialogues. Other forms of the word: mythic, mythical.

Practice 23.2

• Spelling: precocious
• Part of speech: adjective
• Formal or informal connotations: formal
• Definition: not provided
• Synonyms: advanced, ahead, bright, developed, forward, quick, smart
• Antonyms: dense, dull, slow, underdeveloped, unresponsive
• Sample sentence: She’s such a precocious little girl!

Practice 23.3

Practice 23.8

1. 1. two / to
2. 2. quite / quit
3. 3. your
4. 4. than
5. 5. then
6. 6. loose
7. 7. have
8. 8. supposed / affect
9. 9. sit / write
10. 10. are / it’s

Practice 23.9

The original United States Declaration of Independence sits in a case at the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom as part of the National Archives in Washington, DC. Since 1952, over one million visitors each year have passed through the Rotunda to snap a photograph to capture their experience. Although there used to be signs stating, “No Flash Photography,” and tourists know they are not supposed to, they accidentally leave the flash on, and a bright light flickers for a millisecond. This millisecond of light may not seem like enough to affect the precious document, but imagine how much light could be generated when all those milliseconds are added up. According to the National Archives administrators, it’s enough to significantly damage the historic document. So now the signs display quite a different message: “No Photography.” Visitors continue to travel to see the Declaration that began their country, but no longer can personal pictures serve as mementos. The administrators’ compromise, they say, is a visit to the gift shop for a preprinted photograph.

Practice 24.1

1. 1. The gym is open until nine o’clock tonight.
2. 2. We went to the store to get some ice.
3. 3. The student with the most extra credit will win a homework pass.
4. 4. Maya and Tia found an abandoned cat by the side of the road.
5. 5. The driver of that pickup truck skidded on the ice.
6. 6. Anita won the race with time to spare.
7. 7. The people who work for that company were surprised about the merger.
8. 8. Working in haste means that you are more likely to make mistakes.
9. 9. The soundtrack has over sixty songs in languages from around the world.
10. 10. His latest invention does not work, but it has inspired the rest of us.

Practice 24.2

1. 1. sounds LV
2. 2. have HV / eaten V
3. 3. took LV
4. 4. was HV / filled V
5. 5. walked V
6. 6. was HV / expecting V
7. 7. felt LV / had HV / been V
8. 8. is HV / praised V / runs V

Practice 24.4

1. 1. Working without taking a break, we try to get as much work done as we can in an hour.
2. 2. I needed to bring work home in order to meet the deadline.
3. 3. Unless the ground freezes too early this fall, we will be planting tulips this year.
4. 4. Turning the lights off after he was done in the kitchen, Robert tried to conserve energy whenever possible.
5. 5. You’ll find what you need if you look on the shelf next to the potted plant.
6. 6. To find the perfect apartment, Deidre searched online each day.

Practice 24.5

1. 1. The report is due on Wednesday, but we’re flying back from Vancouver that morning. I told the project manager that we would be able to get the report to her later that day, but she suggested that we come back a day early to get the report done. I told her that we had meetings until our flight took off. We emailed our contact, who said that he would check with his boss, and she said that the project could afford a delay as long as she wouldn’t have to make any edits or changes to the file. Our new deadline is next Friday.
2. 2. Anna tried getting a reservation at the restaurant. When she called, they said that there was a waiting list, so she put our names down on it. When the day of our reservation arrived, we only had to wait thirty minutes because a table opened up unexpectedly. This was great because we were able to catch a movie after dinner in the time we had expected to wait to be seated.
3. 3. Without a doubt, my favourite artist is Leonardo da Vinci. I like his work not because of his paintings but because of his fascinating designs, models, and sketches, which include plans for scuba gear, a flying machine, and a life-size mechanical lion that actually walked and moved its head. His paintings are beautiful too, especially when you see the computer-enhanced versions. Researchers use a variety of methods to discover and enhance the paintings’ original colours. The results are stunningly vibrant and yet delicate displays of the man’s genius.

Practice 24.6

1. 1. brush
2. 2. wear
3. 3. kicks
4. 4. watches
5. 5. hides
6. 6. want
7. 7. work
8. 8. need
9. 9. eats
10. 10. fixes

Practice 24.7

1. 1. am
2. 2. have
3. 3. does
4. 4. are
5. 5. has
6. 6. do
7. 7. are
8. 8. is
9. 9. does
10. 10. are

Practice 24.8

1. 1. My dog and cats chase one another all the time.
2. 2. The books that are in my library are the best I have ever read.
3. 3. Everyone is going to the concert except me.
4. 4. My family is moving to Nova Scotia.
5. 5. OK
6. 6. There is the newspaper I was supposed to deliver.
7. 7. OK
8. 8. When is the movie going to start?
9. 9. My sister and brother clean up after themselves.
10. 10. Some of the clothes are packed away in the basement.

Practice 24.9

I feel that I am the ideal candidate for the receptionist position at your company. I have three years of experience as a receptionist in a company that is similar to yours. My phone skills and written communication are excellent. These skills and others that I have learned on the job help me understand that every person in a company helps make the business a success. At my current job, the team always says that I am very helpful. Everyone appreciates when I go the extra mile to get the job done right. My current employer and co-workers feel that I am an asset to the team. I am efficient and organized. Are there any other details about me that you would like to know? If so, please contact me. Here is my résumé. You can reach me by email or phone. I look forward to speaking with you in person.

Practice 24.10

1. 1. have always been
2. 2. will be
3. 3. were recovering / experienced
4. 4. dropped / increased
5. 5. was . . . producing
6. 6. scooped up / made
7. 7. was blowing
8. 8. was / piled up
9. 9. faced
10. 10. managed
11. 11. were / became

Practice 24.11

1. 1. forgave
2. 2. shook
3. 3. bought
4. 4. put
5. 5. laid
6. 6. taught
7. 7. will drink
8. 8. grew
9. 9. led
10. 10. burst

Practice 24.12

Possible answers:

1. 1. Jordan Romano threw the ball to begin the ninth inning.
2. 2. He paints a rosy picture of the situation.
3. 3. He will smile when he remembers this day.
4. 4. We all told him his actions are unconscionable.
5. 5. We share our lunches every day.

Practice 24.13

In the Middle Ages, most people lived in villages and worked as agricultural labourers, or peasants. Every village had a “lord,” and the peasants worked on his land. Much of what they produced would go to the lord and his family. What little food was left over would go to support the peasants’ families. In return for their labour, the lord offered them protection. A peasant’s day usually began before sunrise and involved long hours of back-breaking work, which would include ploughing the land, planting seeds, and cutting crops for harvesting. The working life of a peasant in the Middle Ages was usually demanding and exhausting.

Practice 24.14

In questions 1, 2, 4, 7, and 9, there are three possible correct answers. In each case, the first sentence is grammatically correct but is not gender-neutral. The second is gender-neutral but might seem less clear due to the combination of singular nouns and plural pronouns. In the third, the singular antecedent is replaced by a plural one that agrees with the plural pronoun. Carefully examine each of the possible answers. Notice the slightly different nuances in meaning. Which sentence would you choose in each case?

1. 1. Correct: In the current economy, nobody wants to waste his or her money on frivolous things.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: In the current economy, nobody wants to waste their money on frivolous things.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: In the current economy, people don’t want to waste their money on frivolous things.
2. 2. Correct: If anybody chooses to go to medical school, he or she must be prepared to work long hours.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: If anybody chooses to go to medical school, they must be prepared to work long hours.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: If students choose to go to medical school, they must be prepared to work long hours.
3. 3. Correct: The plumbing crew did its best to repair the broken pipes before the next ice storm.*
4. 4. Correct: If someone is rude to you, try giving him or her a smile in return.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: If someone is rude to you, try giving them a smile in return.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: If people are rude to you, try giving them a smile in return.
5. 5. Correct: My family has its faults, certainly, but I love my parents dearly.*
6. 6. Correct: The school of education plans to train its students to be literacy tutors.*
7. 7. Correct: The speaker said that each student has a responsibility toward his or her community.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: The speaker said that each student has a responsibility toward their community.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: The speaker said that students have a responsibility toward their communities.
8. 8. Correct: My mother’s singing group has its rehearsals on Thursday evenings.*
9. 9. Correct: No one should suffer his or her pains alone.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: No one should suffer their pains alone.
   • Correct and gender-neutral: People should not suffer their pains alone.
10. 10. Correct: I thought the flock of birds lost its way in the storm.*

*Note: In 3, 5, 6, 8, and 10, the pronoun its is already a nongendered, nonbinary pronoun, so it would be incorrect to change its to their in these sentences because doing so would create unnecessary confusion.

Practice 24.15

1. 1. Meera and I
2. 2. She and he
3. 3. you and me
4. 4. We and our friends
5. 5. They and I
6. 6. Alice and me
7. 7. her and me
8. 8. than I
9. 9. Yolanda and her
10. 10. We students

Practice 24.16

1. 1. who
2. 2. who
3. 3. whom
4. 4. who
5. 5. who
6. 6. whom
7. 7. who
8. 8. who
9. 9. whom
10. 10. who

Practice 24.17

1. 1. OK
2. 2. The project was completed by Kara and me.
3. 3. Michael and I are responsible for editing the report.
4. 4. Jo-Ann and Cathy, please submit the application to me.
5. 5. OK
6. 6. Francis and Stuart found themselves in a difficult situation.
7. 7. We have only ourselves to blame, Paul!
8. 8. OK
9. 9. OK
10. 10. OK

Practice 24.18

Possible answers:

1. 1. nearly (adv.)
2. 2. bright (adj.)
3. 3. kind (adj.)
4. 4. badly (adv.)
5. 5. vivid (adj.)
6. 6. softly (adv.)
7. 7. valued (adj.)
8. 8. great (adj.)
9. 9. admiringly (adv.)
10. 10. hungrily (adv.)

Practice 24.19

It all started on the sunniest afternoon that I have ever experienced. Max and I were sitting on the porch. I told him that my dog, Jacko, was smarter than his dog, Merlin. Merlin never comes when he’s called, and he chases his tail and barks at rocks! I said Merlin was the dumbest dog on the block. I guess I was angry about a bad grade that I received, so I decided to pick on poor little Merlin. Even though Max insulted Jacko, too, I felt I had been meaner. The next day I apologized to Max and brought Merlin some treats. When Merlin placed his paw on my knee and licked my hand, I was the sorriest person on the block.

Practice 24.20

1. 1. badly
2. 2. good
3. 3. well
4. 4. bad
5. 5. badly
6. 6. good
7. 7. well
8. 8. good
9. 9. bad
10. 10. badly

Practice 24.21

1. 1. better
2. 2. best
3. 3. worse
4. 4. worst
5. 5. worse
6. 6. better
7. 7. worst
8. 8. worse
9. 9. better
10. 10. best

Practice 24.22

1. 1. The young woman on the telephone was walking the dog.
2. 2. I heard on the evening news that there was a robbery.
3. 3. Uncle Louie bought a running stroller he called “Speed Racer” for the baby.
4. 4. With his foot, the explorer stopped the boulder rolling down the mountain.
5. 5. We are looking for a babysitter who doesn’t drink or smoke and owns a car for our precious six-year-old.
6. 6. The teacher served cookies wrapped in aluminum foil to the children.
7. 7. The mysterious woman holding an umbrella walked toward the car.
8. 8. We returned the wine that was sour to the waiter.
9. 9. Driving home from work, Charlie spotted a stray puppy.
10. 10. For dinner, I ate nothing but a bowl of cold noodles.

Practice 24.23

1. 1. This is an interesting time to be a biologist making discoveries about new creatures.
2. 2. As I was walking in the dark, the picture fell off the wall.
   • The picture fell off the wall as I was walking in the dark.
3. 3. While I was playing guitar in the bedroom, I saw the cat under the bed.
   • I saw the cat under the bed while I was playing guitar in the bedroom.
4. 4. While I was packing for a trip, a cockroach scurried down the hallway.
   • A cockroach scurried down the hallway while I was packing for a trip.
5. 5. While I was looking in the mirror, the towel swayed in the breeze.
   • The towel swayed in the breeze while I was looking in the mirror.
6. 6. While I was driving to the vet’s office, the dog nervously whined.
   • The dog nervously whined while I was driving to the vet’s office.
7. 7. The priceless painting drew large crowds that were walking into the museum.
8. 8. I chose a romance novel that was piled up next to the bookshelf.
9. 9. As I chewed furiously, the gum fell out of my mouth.
   • The gum fell out of my mouth as I chewed furiously,
10. 10. Even though the professor marked the assignments quickly, the students were disappointed with the grades.
    • The students were disappointed with the grades the professor assigned even though she marked the assignments quickly.

Practice 24.24

Possible answer:

Shopping at the grocery store, I bought a fresh loaf of bread for my sandwich. Wanting to make a delicious sandwich, I thickly spread the mayonnaise. I then placed the cold cuts on the bread with the lettuce on top. I cut the sandwich in half with a knife and turned on the radio. Biting into the sandwich, I heard my favourite song blaring loudly in my ears. Humming and chewing, I thoroughly enjoyed my sandwich. Smiling, I know I will make this sandwich again, but next time I will add cheese.

Practice 25.1

1. 1. Suddenly, the dog ran into the house.
2. 2. In the blink of an eye, the kids were ready to go to the movies.
3. 3. Confused, he tried opening the box from the other end.
4. 4. Every May long weekend, we go camping in the woods.
5. 5. Without a doubt, green is my favourite colour.
6. 6. Hesitating, she looked back at the directions before proceeding.
7. 7. Fortunately, the sleeping baby did not stir when the doorbell rang.
8. 8. Believe it or not, the criminal was able to rob the same bank three times.
9. 9. Even though Marti would have preferred to come to the party, she stayed home to study.
10. 10. Marti stayed home to study even though she would have preferred to come to the party. No comma necessary.

Practice 25.2

1. 1. On his birthday list, my son asked for video games, an Amazon gift card, and a new cell phone.
2. 2. Don’t forget, I need to borrow a suitcase, a travel pillow, and a passport holder for my trip.
3. 3. Elsie, Olga, Katrina, and Cornelia will work on the project.
4. 4. My all-time favourite singers include Jann Arden, Sarah McLaughlin, Loreena McKennitt, and Nelly Furtado.

Practice 25.3

1. 1. Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday are all booked with meetings.
2. 2. It was a quiet, uneventful, unproductive day.
3. 3. We’ll need to prepare statements for the Franks, Todds, and Smiths before their portfolio reviews next week.
4. 4. Michael, Nita, and Desmond finished their report last Tuesday.
5. 5. With cold, wet, aching fingers he was able to secure the sails before the storm.
6. 6. He wrote his name on the board in clear, precise, delicate letters.
7. 7. The tired, old, grizzled man paused before he spoke.

Practice 25.4

Possible answers:

1. 1. The presentation was scheduled for Monday, but the weather delayed it for four days.
2. 2. He wanted a snack before bedtime, so he ate some fruit.
3. 3. The patient is in the next room, but I can hardly hear anything.
4. 4. We could go camping for vacation, or we could go to the beach for vacation.
5. 5. I want to get a better job; therefore, I am taking courses online at night.
6. 6. I cannot move forward on this project, but I cannot afford to stop on this project either.
7. 7. Patrice wants to stop for lunch, so we will take the next exit to look for a restaurant.
8. 8. I’ve got to get this paper done, since I have class in ten minutes.
9. 9. The weather was clear yesterday, hence we decided to go on a picnic.
10. 10. I have never dealt with this client before, but I know Leonardo has worked with them, so let’s ask him for his help.

Practice 25.5

1. 1. I asked my neighbours, the retired couple from Nova Scotia, to bring in my mail.
2. 2. Without a doubt, his work has improved over the last few weeks.
3. 3. Our professor, Dr. Singh, drilled the lessons into our heads.
4. 4. The meeting is at noon, unfortunately, which means I will be late for lunch.
5. 5. We came in time for the last part of dinner, but most importantly, we came in time for dessert.
6. 6. All of a sudden, our network crashed, and we lost our files.
7. 7. Alex, hand the wrench to me before the pipe comes loose again.
8. 8. My father, who is eighty, helped me fix my car.
9. 9. My neighbour’s big Dalmatian, which is wearing a red collar, is loose again.
10. 10. The Dalmatian with the red collar is the one that got away. No comma necessary.

Practice 25.6

Note: In a more formal situation, the comma after the greeting (Dear Mr. Timmons) could be replaced with a colon.

Practice 25.7

1. 1. My brother, Nathaniel, is a collector of many rare, unusual things. He has collected lunch boxes, limited-edition books, and hatpins at various points in his life. His current collection of unusual bottles has over fifty pieces. Usually, he sells one collection before starting another.
2. 2. Our meeting is scheduled for Thursday, March 20. At that time, we need to gather all our documents together. Alice is in charge of the timetables and schedules, Tom is in charge of updating the guidelines, and I am in charge of the presentation. To prepare for this meeting, please print out any emails, faxes, or documents you have referred to while writing your sample.
3. 3. It was a cool, crisp autumn day when the group set out. They needed to cover several miles before they made camp, so they walked at a brisk pace. The leader of the group, Garth, kept checking his watch and their GPS location. Isabelle, Raoul, and Maggie took turns carrying the equipment, while Carrie took notes about the wildlife they saw. As a result, no one noticed the darkening sky until the first drops of rain splattered on their faces.
4. 4. Please have your report completed and filed by April 15, 2019. In your submission letter, please include your contact information, the position you are applying for, and the names of two people we can contact as references. We will not be available for consultation after April 10, but you may contact the office if you have any questions. Thank you, HR Department.

Practice 25.8

1. 1. I did not notice that you were in the office; I was behind the front desk all day.
2. 2. Do you want turkey, spinach, and cheese; roast beef, lettuce, and cheese; or ham, tomato, and cheese?
3. 3. Please close the blinds; there is a glare on the screen.
4. 4. OK
5. 5. I cannot decide if I want my room to be green, brown, and purple; green, black, and brown; or green, brown, and dark red.
6. 6. Let’s go for a walk; the air is so refreshing.

Practice 25.9

1. 1. Don’t give up; you never know what tomorrow brings.
2. 2. Our records show that the patient was admitted on March 9, 2010; January 13, 2010; and November 16, 2009.
3. 3. Allow me to introduce myself: I am the greatest ice carver in the world.
4. 4. Where I come from, there are three ways to get to the grocery store: by car, by bus, and by foot.
5. 5. Listen closely: you will want to remember this speech.
6. 6. I have lived in Vancouver; Red Deer, Alberta; Toronto; and Whitehorse, NWT.
7. 7. The boss’s message was clear: lateness would not be tolerated.
8. 8. OK
9. 9. My little sister said what we were all thinking: “We should have stayed home.”
10. 10. Trust me; I have done this before.

Practice 25.10

1. 1. Yasmin said, “I don’t feel like cooking. Let’s go out to eat.”
2. 2. “Where should we go?” said Russell.
3. 3. Yasmin said it didn’t matter to her.
4. 4. “I know,” said Russell, “Let’s go to the Two Roads Juice Bar.”
5. 5. “Perfect!” said Yasmin.
6. 6. “Did you know that the name of the Juice Bar is a reference to a poem?” asked Russell.
7. 7. “I didn’t!” exclaimed Yasmin. “Which poem?”
8. 8. “‘The Road Not Taken,’ by Robert Frost,” Russell explained.
9. 9. “Oh!” said Yasmin, “Is that the one that starts with the line, ‘Two roads diverged in a yellow wood’”?
10. 10. “That’s the one,” said Russell.

Practice 25.11

1. 1. “What a beautiful child! She has her mother’s eyes.”
2. 2. My brother’s wife is one of my best friends.
3. 3. I couldn’t believe it when I found out that I got the job!
4. 4. My supervisors informed me that I wouldn’t be able to take the days off.
5. 5. Each student’s response was unique.
6. 6. All of the students’ lockers need cleaning.
7. 7. Won’t you please join me for dinner tonight?
8. 8. It’s too bad that the cat can’t find its toy.
9. 9. Excuse me, where is the ladies’ room?
10. 10. Is that Jeremy Smith’s or Kelly Jones’s car?

Practice 25.12

1. 1. Which hairstyle do you prefer—short or long?
2. 2. I don’t know—I hadn’t even thought about that.
3. 3. Guess what—I got the job!
4. 4. I will be happy to work over the weekend—if I can have Monday off.
5. 5. You have all the qualities that we are looking for in a candidate—intelligence, dedication, and a strong work ethic.
6. 6. Has anyone—besides me—read the assignment?

Practice 25.13

1. 1. Which hairstyle do you prefer: short or long?
   • Which hairstyle do you prefer, short or long?
2. 2. I don’t know; I hadn’t even thought about that.
   • I don’t know. I hadn’t even thought about that.
3. 3. Guess what? I got the job!
4. 4. I will be happy to work over the weekend, if I can have Monday off.
   • I will be happy to work over the weekend if I can have Monday off.
5. 5. You have all the qualities that we are looking for in a candidate: intelligence, dedication, and a strong work ethic.
6. 6. Has anyone (besides me) read the assignment?

Practice 25.14

1. 1. Are you skipping the lecture this afternoon (I am)?
2. 2. I highly recommend the oyster bar (unless you don’t like oysters).
3. 3. I was able to solve the puzzle (after taking a few moments to think about it).
4. 4. OK
5. 5. Did anyone else (besides me) watch all seasons of House?
6. 6. Please be sure to circle (not underline) the correct answers.

Practice 25.16

1. 1. The Prince of England enjoys playing polo.
2. 2. “Ode to Nightingale” is a sad poem.
3. 3. My sister loves to read magazines such as the New Yorker.
4. 4. The Bone Cage is an excellent novel written by Angie Abdou.
5. 5. My physician, Dr. Alvarez, always makes me feel comfortable in her Regina office.
6. 6. At Home Sense, I bought Nike, Columbia, and DKNY T-shirts.

Practice 25.17

By the 1970s, Canadian literature as a concept had become commonplace. In the same decade, the concept of Prairie literature also became an accepted label to distinguish regional writing in Canada. The idea had been first articulated by Edward McCourt in The Canadian West in Fiction (1949) and was reiterated by Laurie Ricou in Vertical Man / Horizontal World (1973) and Dick Harrison in Unnamed Country: The Struggle for Canadian Prairie Fiction (1977). A special Prairie Poetry issue of Essays on Canadian Writing (1980) edited by Dennis Cooley of the University of Manitoba, who spoke at the 2005 Wild Words conference twenty-five years later, confirmed the validity and viability of the Prairie Literature concept. . . . The PrairieLit concept had grown out of an era in Canadian history that linked the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba into a single agrarian political economy with a common cultural base. This unity began to unravel after World War II, when Alberta became the centre of Canada’s energy industry.

Practice 25.18

Sherman J. Alexie Jr. was born in October 1966. He is a Spokane / Coeur d’Alene Indian and an American writer, poet, and filmmaker. Alexie was born with hydrocephalus, or water on the brain. This condition led doctors to predict that he would likely suffer long-term brain damage and possibly mental retardation. Although Alexie survived with no mental disabilities, he did suffer other serious side effects from his condition that plagued him throughout his childhood. Amazingly, Alexie learned to read by the age of three, and by age five he had read novels such as John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. Raised on an Indian reservation, Alexie often felt alienated from his peers due to his avid love of reading and also from the long-term effects of his illness, which often kept him from socializing with his peers on the reservation. The reading skills he displayed at such a young age foreshadowed what he would later become. Today, Alexie is a prolific and successful writer with several story anthologies to his credit, notably The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven and The Toughest Indian in the World. Most of his fiction is about contemporary Native Americans who are influenced by pop culture and powwows and everything in between. His work is sometimes funny but always thoughtful and full of richness and depth. Alexie also writes poetry, novels, and screenplays. His latest collection of stories is called War Dances, which came out in 2009.

Practice 25.19

1. 1. It was a real privilege to have taught you writing this year.
2. 2. I’m sorry to disappoint you, but you’ll have to wait until tomorrow for the surprise.
3. 3. Your exaggerated and ridiculous stories embarrass me.
4. 4. His strength is the reason for his success in his career.
5. 5. Please send the reference letter to the head of personnel.
6. 6. He will perform tonight with the rhythm section.
7. 7. Is it realistic to pursue a psychology degree?
8. 8. A separate branch of the government is responsible for that.
9. 9. On Wednesday, an illegal strike is possible.
10. 10. The temperature will drop immediately, according to Environment Canada.

Practice 25.20

1. 1. principle
2. 2. wear
3. 3. led
4. 4. which
5. 5. piece
6. 6. past
7. 7. lessen
8. 8. sees / seizes
9. 9. through