Notes

1. 1 The Xenotext by Christian Bök encodes a poem as a tiny gene inserted into the chromosome of a bacterium (E. coli), whereas The Hillary Clinton Emails (an exhibition by Kenneth Goldsmith) reprints the tranche of letters withheld by Hillary Clinton but released by WikiLeaks during the American election of 2016.
2. 2 Neilson, Typography of the Period.
3. 3 Goldberg, “A New Process for Microphotography.”
4. 4 Browne, “Two Researchers Spell ‘IBM,’ Atom by Atom.”
5. 5 Ganapati, “Twenty Years of Moving Atoms, One by One.”
6. 6 Wong, et al., “Organic Data Memory Using the DNA Approach,” 97.
7. 7 Gibson, et al., “Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome,” 52–56.
8. 8 Dworkin, “Fact.”
9. 9 Boeke, Cosmic View, 9.
10. 10 Verrall (dir.), and Szasz (anim.), Cosmic Zoom.
11. 11 Eames and Eames, Powers of Ten.
12. 12 Bányai, Zoom.
13. 13 Derrida, Of Grammatology, 9.
14. 14 Derrida, “Différance,” 8.
15. 15 Isou, “The Evolution of the Technical Sensibility in Poetry.”
16. 16 Isou, “Manifesto of Letterist Poetry,” 72.
17. 17 Isou, “The Force Fields of Letterist Painting,” 78.
18. 18 Isou, Manifeste de l’Excoördisme, 1.
19. 19 Olson, “Projective Verse,” 241.
20. 20 Olson, “Projective Verse,” 241.
21. 21 Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, 103.
22. 22 Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, 111.
23. 23 Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, 102.
24. 24 Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, 94.
25. 25 Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, 115.
26. 26 Lyotard, The Differend: Phrases in Dispute, xi.
27. 27 Lyotard, The Differend: Phrases in Dispute, 14.
28. 28 Silliman, “The New Sentence,” 78.
29. 29 Silliman, “The New Sentence,” 65.
30. 30 Silliman, “The New Sentence,” 87.
31. 31 Bain, English Composition and Rhetoric, 91.
32. 32 Bain, English Composition and Rhetoric, 112.
33. 33 Trimbur, et al., “The Page as a Unit of Discourse,” 94.
34. 34 Trimbur, et al., “The Page as a Unit of Discourse,” 112.
35. 35 Mallarmé, “Letter to Paul Verlaine (16 Nov 1885),” 143.
36. 36 Mallarmé, “The Book: A Spiritual Instrument,” 80.
37. 37 Mandel, Life Sentence, 7.
38. 38 Goldsmith, Uncreative Writing, 188.
39. 39 Borges, “The Library of Babel,” 86.
40. 40 “Wim Delvoye’s Profane Messages Hammered into Rocks in Stunning Scale.” See in particular Swiss Mountain, 1996.
41. 41 Kardashev, “Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations,” 219.
42. 42 “The Moon and Its Inhabitants.”
43. 43 Lowell, Mars and Its Canals.
44. 44 Hoagland, The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever.
45. 45 Arnold, “Transit Light-Curve Signatures of Artificial Objects,” 535.
46. 46 Boyajian, et al., “Planet Hunters X. KIC 8462852 — Where’s the Flux?”
47. 47 Wright, “What Could Be Going on with Boyajian’s Star? Part VIII: Alien Megastructures.”
48. 48 Lanier, “Rearranging Stars to Communicate with Aliens.”
49. 49 Voros, “Galactic-Scale Macro-Engineering: Looking for Signs of Other Intelligent Species.”
50. 50 Hsu, and Zee, “Message in the Sky,” 2.
51. 51 Mackenzie, et al., “Evidence Against a Supervoid Causing the CMB Cold Spot.”
52. 52 Quast, “A Profile of Humanity.”