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Scaling Up: Footnotes: Chapter 4

Scaling Up
Footnotes: Chapter 4

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Notes

table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. List of Tables and Figures
  3. Acknowledgements
  4. Introduction: Social Economics and Sustainability
  5. 1. Towards Convergence: An Exploratory Framework
  6. 2. The Green Social Economy in British Columbia and Alberta
  7. 3. The Role of the Social Economy in Scaling Up Alternative Food Initiatives
  8. 4. Human Services and the Caring Society
  9. 5. Towards Sustainable Resource Management: Community Energy and Forestry in British Columbia and Alberta
  10. 6. Evolving Conceptions of the Social Economy: The Arts, Culture, and Tourism in Alert Bay
  11. 7. Non-Profit and Co-operative Organizations and the Provision of Social Housing
  12. 8. Land Tenure Innovations for Sustainable Communities
  13. 9. Sustaining Social Democracy Through Heritage-Building Conservation
  14. 10. Strong Institutions, Weak Strategies: Credit Unions and the Rural Social Economy
  15. Conclusion: “Social Economizing” Sustainability
  16. List of Contributors

1 See OECD, 2014, “Policy Challenges for the Next 50 Years”.

2 This formulation of general versus concrete characterizations of social needs is derived from Stefano Zamagni, a professor of economics at the University of Bologna. (Lecture, Bologna Summer Program for Co-operative Studies, 2009)

3 In Canada, despite a growing GDP and federal surpluses, the issues of poverty, homelessness, and hunger show no signs of abating. Between 1989 and 2005, food bank usage increased by 118 percent; in 2005, approximately 15 percent of Canada’s children lived in poverty and rates of child poverty, a powerful indicator of broader social and economic conditions, had remained unaffected for fifteen years (CAFB 2005, 3, 5). In 2013, an average of 833,098 people used a food bank every month (Food Banks Canada 2013, 1).

4 Alberto Alberani, formal presentation to Bologna Summer Program for Co-operative Studies, Bologna, 2007.

5 Taking into account both the costs and benefits of social co-ops to the public sector (costs being public subsidies and fiscal advantages and benefits being taxes paid by both the employed workers and the co-operative and a decrease in the demand for social and health services by disadvantaged workers), public authorities save more than €5,000 per capita annually (Borzaga and Depedri 2013).

6 According to Alain Leclerc of the Federation of Funeral Co-ops, the average cost of a funeral in Québec is about $5,600, whereas a funeral arranged through a co-op generally costs less than $4,000 (presentation at BC Co-operative Association, 2011). For more information on funeral co-operatives in Québec, see Fédération des coopératives funéraires du Québec (http://www.fcfq.coop/en/funeral-cooperatives/). For an example of a funeral co-op in Alberta, see Serenity Funeral Service (http://www.serenity.ca).

7 This is the common position adopted by social co-op activists for example in Emilia Romagna and by the Lega Co-operative e Mutue and Confcooperative, the two largest co-operative federations in Italy.

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