“Index” in “Teaching Crowds”
INDEX
Academia.edu, 13, 30, 139, 158, 215
access control, 76, 118, 280–281
access hierarchies, 251–2
accreditation, 19, 89, 150, 153, 306, 308, 317, 322–3
active learning, 18
Activity Theory, 50–52, 62, 171
Actor Network Theory (ANT), 52, 59, 62, 95, 171
adaptive hypermedia, 224
adjacent possible, 3, 24, 286, 300
Adobe Connect, 12, 31, 123, 249–50
algorithms, 89, 184, 205, 214–16, 226–9, 232, 234–5
allopatry, 157
Amazon, 8–9, 13–15, 30–31, 84, 88–9, 141, 186, 211–15, 221–2, 226–7, 234
ambiguity, 183, 191, 193, 278–9
contextual, 278–9
anonymity, 18, 145, 169, 174, 183, 190, 194, 197, 287
ANT. See Actor Network Theory
Arthur, Brian W., 11, 23, 61, 95, 243, 276
asynchronous communication, 121, 125
Athabasca Landing, 196, 237, 248, 250–251, 255–8, 260–263, 265–73, 279, 281, 285, 293, 295, 315, 320
Athabasca University (AU), 177–8, 247–50, 257, 261, 263–4, 270, 277, 279, 290, 314
authentic contexts, 43–4
Blackboard, 14, 79, 89, 119–20, 125, 240, 245, 276
blog, 14, 17, 27, 31, 49, 77–8, 89, 119, 133, 139, 142, 144–5, 180, 182, 196, 216, 240, 244–5, 252–3, 255, 258, 260, 263, 267–8, 272, 276–7, 280, 297, 309–10, 319–20, 324
boundary, 8, 57, 73, 80, 88, 138, 166–7, 269, 282–3, 312–13
tools, 282–4
categorization, 144, 168, 184, 195, 223, 260
cellphone, 3, 68, 143, 171, 186, 219, 285, 290–291, 296, 325
chat, 11–12, 14–15, 31, 64, 122–4, 147, 250, 269, 280, 285
Christensen, Clayton, 71, 150, 275–6, 303
closed groups, 68, 79, 115, 126, 128, 149, 223, 231, 262, 266, 298
cMOOC, 317–20. See also massive open online course
cognitive presence, 46–7, 85, 93, 110–112
cognitivism, 39
collaborative: filter, 14, 62, 207, 213, 221, 229, 233, 267
collective: applications, 146, 207, 214, 228–31, 235, 317
intelligence, 72, 83, 201–2, 206, 213, 229–30, 315
tools, 194, 201, 215, 220, 267, 306
college, 4, 75, 104, 120, 276, 322–3
communication: dyadic, 74–5
individual-to-individual, 79
open, 111–12
community@brighton, 240, 242, 244, 247, 250–251, 257, 270
community of inquiry (COI), 47, 109–12
community of practice (COP), 56, 80, 149
competence, 48, 57, 126, 152–3, 169, 305–7, 325
complex adaptive system (CAS), 52, 54, 274, 276, 321
Complexity Theory, 52, 54–5, 62, 183
connectivism, 47–8, 52, 56, 58–62, 136, 138, 141, 177
constructivism, 39, 42–4, 48, 50, 59, 301
cooperative: freedom, 66–7, 69, 98, 138, 172, 209, 263, 266
copyright, 292
cost, 7, 10, 17–18, 20, 64, 94, 101, 114, 119, 122–3, 129, 131, 158, 161, 221, 223, 234, 248, 281, 290, 292, 311
courses: paced, 261
self-paced, 263–4
Creative Commons, 292
creativity, 23, 108, 115, 301, 308, 312–13
critical thinking, 110–111
cross-cutting cleavage, 170–171, 176, 272, 315
crowdsourcing, 13, 32, 186, 215
crowd wisdom, 87, 187, 208, 225, 297–8
cultural expectations, 294–5
culture, 4–5, 8, 26, 35, 38, 55, 60, 85, 95, 105, 126, 137, 161, 190, 201, 245, 273, 288, 293–5, 324
individualist, 294–5
learned, 5
cuneiform, 4–5
Del.icio.us, 8, 12–13, 31, 181, 183–4, 191, 206, 212, 221, 223
Dewey, John, 20, 40, 42–3, 109
disclosure, 67, 69–70, 99, 101–2, 111, 122, 138, 142, 159, 169, 172, 174, 190, 212, 250, 281, 284
discussion forum, 12, 97, 101–2, 145, 178, 226, 229, 261, 268, 280
disruptive innovation, 158, 160, 248, 275
distance learning, 36–7, 43, 62, 64, 98, 125, 131, 155, 249, 257
distributed cognition, 49, 56, 59, 61, 202
diversity, 44, 48, 59–62, 74, 88, 115, 137, 139, 144, 150, 155–8, 177, 180–81, 194, 202, 219, 223, 230, 232, 245, 251, 257, 260, 269–70, 281, 283, 289–90, 307, 312, 315, 322–4
Dunbar’s Number, 86
duration, 323
echo chamber, 197, 201, 226, 297–8
education: campus-based, 18, 114
collaborative, 44
postsecondary, 148
professional, 148
Educational Social Software, 9, 24, 28, 30, 287
education contexts, 117
higher, 110
e-learning, 36, 155–6, 177, 192
Elgg, 30, 32–3, 81, 143, 151, 158, 196, 215, 237, 239–48, 251–3, 255–6, 258–9, 261, 268–9, 279–80, 320
email, 4, 8, 11, 15, 58, 75, 77, 101, 103, 118–19, 124–5, 128, 145–7, 164, 196, 249, 263, 279–80, 283, 287, 290, 296–7
emergence, 6, 23, 40, 52, 54–5, 61, 76, 83, 115, 134, 153, 158, 201
evolution, 8, 24, 36, 41, 52, 61, 93, 113, 129, 164, 170, 183, 220, 231–2, 239, 312
Facebook, 4, 11–12, 14, 24–32, 61, 77–81, 89, 125, 128, 142–50, 157–8, 163, 184–5, 211, 213, 215, 221, 226–7, 231, 234, 241, 244–7, 258, 270, 279–80, 283–7, 290, 293, 306, 317: Connect, 163, 287
filter bubble, 139–40, 197, 201, 226, 297–8
five-stage model, 105–6
Flickr, 13, 24, 84–5, 181, 183, 185, 208, 227–8, 230
Commons, 181
folksonomy, 173, 180–181, 183–4, 191, 223
formal learning, 18–19, 27–8, 64, 67, 69, 74, 90, 94, 98, 100, 113, 142, 149–50, 154–5, 177, 185, 260, 275, 297, 320, 322, 324
forum, 12, 19, 30, 57, 97, 102, 139, 175, 188, 207, 226, 229, 264, 280, 306, 319
Hangouts, 11–12
Search, 9–10, 14, 25, 27–8, 30, 185, 206, 210, 214, 227, 259, 283, 322
Google+, 12, 24, 28, 81, 134, 144, 158, 213, 258, 279–80, 287
Graspr, 216
group: activities, 45, 94, 112, 126
applications, 127–8, 196–7, 229
groupthink, 114–17, 201, 232, 295, 297, 324
higher education, 16, 20, 97, 110–111, 119, 301, 303, 305
hive mind, 200
identity, 9, 20–21, 58, 78, 81, 83, 94, 108, 116, 144, 151–2, 159, 167–71, 182, 189, 196, 200, 240, 275, 282–4, 287, 293, 298, 306–7, 325
immersive environments, 14, 121–4, 283–4, 321
informal learning, 7, 10, 15, 17–19, 27, 53–4, 72, 99, 125, 150, 248, 267, 284, 307
information overload, 296
instant messaging, 11, 31, 143, 145–6, 296
Interaction Equivalency Theory, 64
Internet, 3, 6, 8, 10–11, 27, 60, 71, 77, 84, 87, 98, 100, 116–18, 132, 136, 147–8, 159, 165, 167, 185, 189–90, 197, 201, 240, 282, 284, 287, 289–92, 303, 306, 309
Internet Relay Chat (IRC), 11
Johnson, Steven, 5, 49, 71, 300, 312, 325
Kauffman, Stuart, 24, 52–4, 183
Khan Academy, 174, 185, 193, 276, 308, 318, 322
kMOOC (Khan-style MOOC), 318
Landing, The. See Athabasca Landing
learner control, 65–6, 122, 129, 228
Learning Management System (LMS), 4, 14, 26, 32, 79, 89, 101, 117–20, 128, 238, 240, 255, 263, 276, 278, 280, 291, 303, 320
learning technology, 27–8, 36, 75, 81, 156, 233
legal issues, 292
lifelong learning, 7, 9, 26, 60, 129, 147–8, 154, 234, 286, 307, 325
LinkedIn, 4, 13, 24, 30, 32, 77, 79, 87, 89, 139, 146, 158, 162–3, 215, 222, 244, 258, 270, 280, 306, 308, 322
LMS. See learning management system
Mahara, 252
massive open online course (MOOC), 4, 27, 61, 149, 221, 300–301, 317–19
Matthew effect, 157, 225–6, 228, 230, 232, 246, 257, 270, 297
McLuhan, Marshall, 201
medium, 5, 7, 67–70, 79, 90, 99, 101, 111, 138, 141, 144, 172, 174, 211, 289, 291
metadata, 77–8, 180, 196, 213, 220, 310, 320
mobile learning, 291
MOOC. See massive open online course
Moodle, 14, 30, 79, 89, 119–20, 125, 249, 252, 258, 261–4, 266, 273, 276, 280
Moore, Michael G., 62–5, 102, 151
motivation, 16, 30–31, 36, 44, 63, 88, 90, 107–8, 115, 121–2, 125–6, 149, 169–70, 177, 188, 190, 193, 216, 223, 251, 267, 293, 305, 310, 323
MUD-Object-Oriented (MOO), 123
Multi-User Dungeon (MUD), 123
MySpace, 12, 24, 77, 87, 125, 241, 244, 247, 280
Netflix, 8, 14, 211, 213–14, 227
networked: environments, 147, 151, 289, 292
learning, 9, 51, 55–6, 70, 77, 136, 138–42, 150, 152, 167, 192, 289, 300
technologies, 27, 71, 76, 132, 165
OER. See Open Educational Resource
online learning, 17–18, 35, 46, 55, 93, 112, 118, 121, 185, 192, 235, 241, 270, 296, 316
Open Badge Project, 307
Open Educational Resource (OER), 49, 158
Open University of the Netherlands (OUNL), 154–5
ownership, 16, 21–2, 32, 119, 127, 153, 158, 223, 244, 250–252, 257, 270, 272, 293
pace, 10, 38, 64, 67, 69–70, 83, 97, 99, 104, 122, 129, 134, 138, 142, 172–3, 211, 248, 250, 280, 310
path dependency, 322
Paulsen, Morten, 67–9
pedagogy, 34, 36–9, 42, 68, 70–71, 90, 100, 103, 140–142, 177, 211, 232, 238, 266–7, 273, 276–7, 295
perapatry, 157
peripatry, 157
personal learning environment (PLE), 33
PicBreeder, 220
Pinboards, 259
Pinterest, 4, 13, 24, 31, 79, 89, 165, 182, 184, 195, 259
PLE. See personal learning environment
portfolio, 152–3, 242, 247, 266, 320
privacy, 32, 67, 88, 120, 145, 157, 159, 238–40, 252, 271, 275, 281–7, 298, 325
profile, 26, 30, 79, 144–5, 168, 187, 196, 215, 222, 243, 253–4, 256, 264–5, 284, 287, 296
Red Queen regime, 54–5
re-usable learning object (RLO), 318
reputation-based tools, 215–6
Graspr, 216
LinkedIn, 215
Slashdot, 216
Spongefish, 216
Rich Site Syndication (RSS), 119, 143, 146, 178, 195–6, 293, 320
Royal Roads University, 126
RSS. See Rich Site Syndication
school, 4, 7, 20, 26, 49, 75, 103–4, 115, 117, 120, 123–4, 131, 158, 171, 244, 276, 278, 285, 303, 305, 312, 321, 323–4
Second Life, 14
self-organization, 54, 59, 214, 277
sense-making, 31, 177, 179, 181, 320–321
Shirky, Clay, 96
Siemens, George, 48, 58–60, 155, 158, 269, 317
Skinner, B.F., 38
Skype, 11–12, 15, 31, 121, 249–50
Slashdot, 30–31, 84, 89, 176, 183, 213, 216, 218–19, 221, 226, 231, 310–311, 322
social capital, 19–20, 28, 30, 83, 88, 90, 117, 134, 137, 140, 149, 162, 169–70, 174, 182, 186, 188, 190, 216, 222, 239–40, 293, 307, 324
social constructivism, 42, 48, 50
social form, 72, 75–9, 82, 84, 93, 102, 131, 141, 164–7, 169, 172, 175, 177, 189, 197, 209, 246, 255, 259, 280, 315, 319: group, 75–7, 79, 84, 93, 102, 141, 169, 171, 177, 189, 209, 246, 255, 259, 315, 319
network, 76–7, 84, 141, 164–5, 169, 258
set, 72, 77, 79, 82–3, 166–7, 169, 171–2, 175, 177, 189–90, 197, 209, 246, 255, 259, 315
social learning, theories of, 35, 37, 39–41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 67, 69
social network, 25, 72, 132, 141–3, 215, 241, 244–5, 258, 278
social presence, 31, 46–7, 110–112, 121, 124, 146, 264
social software, 3, 5, 7–11, 13, 15–34, 57, 72, 78–9, 84, 91, 159, 167, 199, 233–5, 237–9, 252, 273, 275, 277, 279–81, 283–5, 287, 289, 291, 293–5, 297, 299, 310, 316
Spongefish, 216
Stalinist regime, 54–5
synchronous activities, 76, 121–3
synchronous communication, 121
tag, 23, 178, 181–4, 191–2, 208, 221, 223, 225, 230, 232, 244, 257
tag cloud, 181–2, 191, 208, 221, 223, 230, 232, 257
taxonomy, 179–80
teacher control, 65–6
teaching presence, 46–7, 65, 102, 109–10, 112, 114, 124, 142, 174, 234
TeachthePeople.com, 188
technology, 5–6, 23–5, 27–8, 36, 45, 49, 52, 68–71, 75, 81, 83, 87, 97, 99–100, 123, 136, 138, 141–2, 150, 156, 168, 172–3, 200, 202, 204, 211, 233, 238, 249, 252, 261, 277, 283, 291, 304, 326
theory of cooperative freedom, 67
three-generation model, 37
transactional control, 65–6, 102, 175
transactional distance, 62–6, 70, 73, 102, 142–3, 151, 174–5, 212–13, 224, 249, 311
tribe, 80–82, 96, 104, 170–171, 294
trust, 58, 78, 82, 87, 89, 108, 112, 114, 121, 132, 134, 152, 189, 210, 216, 227, 238, 242–3, 245, 287–9, 297, 307
Twitter, 4, 12, 24–31, 58, 79, 89, 139, 142, 144, 149, 156–8, 165–8, 175, 181, 183, 190–191, 208, 242, 244, 253, 280, 287, 291, 293, 320
university, 7, 20, 26, 52, 56, 75, 80, 84, 86, 104, 108–9, 119, 126, 150, 154, 158, 177–8, 255, 257, 259, 269–70, 272–3, 276–9, 300–306, 308, 313–15, 321–3
University of Brighton, 240–47, 251
video conferencing, 11, 22, 123, 145, 290
Wenger, Etienne, 15, 41, 56–8, 76, 149, 153, 312
wiki(s), 30, 89, 119, 152, 167, 185, 190, 193, 195–6, 220, 223, 228, 230, 239, 245, 252, 255, 258, 260, 263, 267–8, 276–7, 280, 293, 307
Wikipedia, 4, 9, 25, 28, 83, 167, 170, 175, 178–9, 185, 188, 190, 193, 195, 220, 276, 316, 322
wisdom of crowds, 87, 89, 187, 190
World Wide Web (WWW), 124, 177, 182
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