1 Aghhsuwalghii (Ах’сюўалг’ӣ) – cliffs on the eastern shore of Itygran Island to the north of Napakutak. “Cliffs that appear white,” from aghhsugh, “to be pale” (CSY). (Map D)

2 Aghnaghaghham ana (Аг’наг’ах’ам ана) – solitary rock in the water in front of Cape Nuvuk, on Itygran Island. “Maiden’s feces,” from aghnaghaghhaq, ”maiden,” and anaq, “feces, shit” (CSY). (Map D)

3 Aghnam ana (Аг’нам ана) – cliffs at Cape Nuvuk, on Itygran Island. “Female’s feces” from aghnaq, “female,” and anaq, “feces, shit” (CSY). (Map D)

4 Aghvivik (Аг’вивик) – seal rookery on the west shore of Rumilet Bay. “On the other shore,” from aghvighaquq, “to come across, to cross over a water barrier”; aghviqaq, “the one that crossed over to the other side”; aghvighvik, “crossing”; -vik (CSY, NY, IN), -veh (OS) – locative suffix, indicating the location of an action. [T., “Doesn’t have translation.”] (Map E)

5 Aghveghnaq (Аг’выг’нак’) – hill on the south side of Chechekuyum (Čečequyem) Strait, towering over Inakhpak Bay. “Convenient place for whale hunt,” “good time for whale hunt,” from aghveq, “whale” (CSY); -naq “something that causes V-ing,” -nak’, n”ak’ – suffix that references the time that is favorable for carrying out certain activity (CSY). [T., “Looks like a whale.”] (Map F)

6 Agtatenghu (Агтатынг’у) – spit at the northern entrance to Ratmanov Bay, on Arakamchechen Island, also used to refer to Ratmanov Bay itself. “Moving a herd,” from agtatyk, “to move a herd from one place to another” (Chuk.) Intern. – Akhmatingu Spit, Ratmanov Bay, named after naval officer Makar I. Ratmanov, a participant in the 1826–1829 Bering Sea expedition led by Fyodor Litke). (Maps B and C)

7 Akatam peghivigha (Акатам пыг’ивиг’а) – cliffs at the end of Esnaghhpaq Spit, on Itygran Island. “Temporary meat storage of Akatak,” from peghwaghaqa, “to cover, to bury,” peghivighaq, “temporary meat pit” (CSY). [T., “There is an indentation in the cliff; they say it was a temporary meat storage of ancient man named Akatak who hid meat there from bears.”] (Map D)

8 Allpengit (Алъпын’ит) – cape located on the northwestern tip of Itygran Island. “Murre’s,” from allpa, “murre” (CSY), or, less likely, from allpa- “passage,” literally, “their passage.” Intern. – Cape Skalisty. (Map D)

9 Amaghalek (Амаг’алык) – mountain on northern Itygran Island, slightly to the east of centre. “Sitting on somebody’s neck,” from amagh-, “carry something on the shoulders” (CSY). [T., “Walrus cub on his mother.”] (Map D)

10 Amaghmelnguq (Амаг’мылн’ук’) – cape on the eastern promontory of Itygran Island. “Carrying on a neck,” from amagh-, “to carry something on the shoulders, neck,” amaghaqaa, “to lift and put somebody on one’s neck” (CSY). Intern. – Cape Amago Mel’got. [T., “Overlapping one over another, as two boards nailed together.”] (Map D)

11 Amyak (Амьяк) – cape on the southwestern promontory of Itygran Island. “Shell,” from amyak, “scallop shell” (CSY), which the cape’s terrain resembles. Intern. – Cape Amyak. [T., “It is called such because there are many shells. Siklyuk people used to travel to Amyak to hunt. They preferred to live in subterranean dwellings, and those who didn’t have those lived under baidaras.” (A baidara is an open skin-covered boat, similar to an umiak, used in sea hunting.)] (Map D)

12 Aqsaq (Ак’сяк’) – western shore of Arakamchechen Island from Ngayaquq to Pagilleq. “(Island’s) stomach,” from aqsa-, “stomach” (CSY). (Maps B and C)

13 Asagvek (Асягвык) – mountains west of Kytlinay Bay, on the south side of Chechekuyum Strait. “Two women,” from asagvek, “your two aunts,” and asak, “father’s sister” (CSY). [T., “There is Ugwinga Hill (see Ugwinga), but two wives, that is asyagvyk. The west hill has many children, that is, many hills on the western shore of Senyavin Strait, but the eastern [hill] has fewer children—these are small hills on Cape Chaplin.”] (Map F)

14 Awatghhutaghhaq (Аўатх’утах’ак’) – small rock overhang to the north of Cape Amyak, on Itygran Island. “It is possible to jump,” from awatghhutaqa, “jump over,” -ghhaq – diminutive suffix (CSY). [T., “Small rock, just a little bit taller than a human. That means that I can jump.”] (Map D)

15 Aywaan tekegha (Айўан тыкыг’а) – spit at the northern entrance to Rumilet Bay. “Northern spit,” from aywaa, “north,” and tekeghaq, “spit, cape” (CSY). (Map E)

16 Ayveghaghviggaq (Айвыг’аг’вихак’) – river on southeastern Itygran Island. “Place to harvest young walrus,” from ayveghaq, “young walrus,” -vik – locative suffix, -ggaq – diminutive suffix (CSY). [T., “Before a long time ago a walrus was killed there. That is why it was named so.”] (Map D)

17 Čečequyem (Чечек’уйым) – strait between Itygran Island and northern shore of Cape Chaplin. Ch’echen’k’uyym – “cold frosty bay,” from ch’echen’, “frost,” and k’uyym, “bay, harbor” (Chuk.) (Leont’ev and Novikova 1989, 411). Siberian Yupik do not use the name Čečequyem, nor does the strait have a Yupik name. When necessary, they use the Russian name Chechekuyum. (Maps D and F)

18 Eftughhtuk (Ыфтух’тук) – river on eastern Itygran Island. “Making lots of noise,” from eftuq, “rumble, barrage” (CSY). [T., “That is because in the spring it is very noisy. The waterfall forms.”] (Map D)

19 Eggsugat (Ыхсюгат) – locality and former reindeer herders’ camp on the northern shore of Cape Chaplin. Etymology is unclear; could be a Yupik name, “murky water,” from suughh-, “murky” (CSY). (Map F)

20 Esnaghhpaq (Ыснах’пак) – a stretch of shore on eastern Itygran Island. “Large spit,” from esnaq, “shore” (CSY). (Map D)

21 Estegraghvaq (Ыстыграг’вак’) – the cape at the western end of Siklyuk Bay, off the north shore of Itygran Island. “Large Ystygraq [Estegraq],” “like Ystygraq” (CSY). Intern. – Cape Tupoy. See also Qesiighyat. (Map D)

22 Estegraq (Ыстыграк’) – locality and western-most bay on the north shore of Itygran Island. “Femoral, muscular” from estek, “hip, muscle” (CSY). Intern. – Stygrak Bay. During Fyodor Litke’s exploration of the Bering Strait, his sloop Senyavin approached Itygran Island from the northwest, so Estegraq (“Ytsygraq,” in the standard transliteration of Ыстыграк’) was the very first place on the island that sailors saw. They asked their Chukchi guide for the name of the island, and, as neither the Chukchi nor the Yupik residents of the island had a name for it, he understandably gave them the Chukchi name of the bay and the locality, which they passed on to Litke. The name “Itygran” thus derives from Estegraq (that is, “Ytsygraq”), as does the name “Stygrak.” (Map D)

23 Gilmimel (Гилмимыль) – (1) bay on the western side of Senyavin Strait. Chukchi name, “hot water,” from gyl-, “hot,” mimyl, “water” (Chuk.). See also Ingapasungaq, presumed CSY name. Intern. – Gil’mimyl’ Bay. [T., “In the spring, [people] from Siklyuk fished in this bay; pink salmon come here.”]. (2) river, hot spring, and locality on the southern shore of Arakamchechen Island. Intern. – Pyl’mymlan River, Gylmylgyn River. (Map E)

24 Guygungu (Гуйгун’у) – knoll and fort ruins at Cape Chaplin. “Fort” from guygu-, “house” (CSY). (Map F)

25 Ilghiniq (Илг’иник’) – locality and, in the past, a community on the western side of the Senyavin Strait to the north of Yanrakynnot. Etymology is unclear; possibly from ilghi-, “to hide” (CSY). Chuk. – A’lyayonvyn, “stinky place” (Leont’ev and Novikova 1989, 63). Rus. – Alyaevo. (Map B)

26 Iluwaq (Илюўак’) – part of a high knoll that borders Cape Kygynin from the west on Arakamchechen Island. “Similar to an interior part of a dwelling,” from ilu-, “dwelling’s interior,” -waq – suffix signifying a resemblance (CSY). (Map C)

27 Ingaghpak (Ин’аг’пак) – bay and large hill on the southern side of Chechekuyum Strait, on the northern shore of Cape Chaplin. The site of a marine mammal hunting operation and supply facilities for the community of Novoe Chaplino, at Tkachen Bay. “Reclined hill,” from ingagh-, “to lie on the side, to lie down to sleep” (CSY), -pak (CSY, NY) – augmentative suffix. Presumed etymology is “a place for overnighting or rest” or “a large hill that lies on a side.” Rus. – Inahpak. Intern. – Inakhpak, Inakhtak Mountain, Ch’echengkuyym Lagoon. [T., “In the past, they came from Chaplino to hunt there.”] (Maps D and F)

28 Ingapasungaq (Ин’апасюн’ак’) – cape at the northern entrance to Gil’mimyl’ Bay. “Small hill that desired to be moved aside, that is lying separately from the other mountains,” from Ingapighhqaghaqa, “to move,” -su-nga-q – resultative suffix (CSY). Intern. – Cape Krutoy. (Map E)

29 Inghiluqaq (Инг’илюк’ак’) – cape at the southeastern end of Itygran Island. “Mountainous,” from P-Esk. *iingghiq, “mountain.” This root does not occur in CSY but is present in all other Eskimo languages: iingghiq (NY), inggheХ (OS), ighiq (IN). Intern. – Cape Engelyukan, Cape Engelyukak, Cape Postels (named after Aleksandr F. Postels, a participant in Fyodor Litke’s Bering Strait expedition). (Map D)

30 Inghisaget (Инг’исягыт) – group of mountains in the central part of Arakamchechen Island. “Mountains,” from P-Esk. *iingghiq,” mountain.” [T., “There is no translation, just a name.”] (Map C)

31 Inqetuq (Инк’ытук’) – locality on the southern shore of Arakamchechen Island. Perhaps a Yupik adaptation of a Chukchi place name: compare Chukchi enytkyn, “cape, tip of a spit”; i‘nnysk’yn, “hillock”; i’nnun, “hill.” Possibly, if less likely, that it derives from P-Esk. *iingghiq, “mountain,” or from ingki, “rack, support” (NY). (Map C)

32 Itghhit kiwa (Итх’ит киўа) – river on Cape Chaplin. “River of intakes or entrances,” from iitghha, “enter” (CSY). (Map F)

33 Itygran (Итыгран) – Russian and international place name of Itygran Island, in the area of Senyavin Strait; also spelled Ittygran and Yttygran. See Estegraq. (Map D)

34 Ivghaq (Ивг’ак’) – bay, spit, and locality at the entrance to Gytkokuyym Lagoon. “Turning,” from ivgha-, “enter into water” (CSY), iivghaaq, “turn” (NY), ivghaq, “place to turn” (Menovshchikov 1972, 95). Chuk. – Gytkokuyym. Intern. – Cape Ikvyk, Gytgykuyym, Gytkokuyum Lagoon. (Map A)

35 Iwellqaq (Иўылък’ак’) – mountain on the southern shore of Itygran Island. “Where a large tide is,” from iiw-, “tide,” iiwaquq, “tide is coming” (CSY). Intern. – Ivyl’kak Mountain. (Map D)

36 Kangeghraq (Кан’ыг’рак’) – river that flows into Chechekuyum Strait to the west of Cape Mertens. Etymology is unclear. Possibly from kangeq, “skin under bird’s feathers,” perhaps related to kangighaq, “bay” (CSY). (Map F)

37 Kavilut (Кавилют) – mountain at Cape Tapik at the southern entrance to Penkigney Bay. “Red” from P-Esk. *kavi-, CSY kavilnguq, NY kavilghii. Rus. –Goryachie Klyuchi. [T., “Only a temporary reindeer herding camp was here—they came here during calving. But a larger one was at Goryachie Klyuchi.”] See also Uullghhuk. (Map B)

38 Kenleghaq (Кынлыг’ак’) – cape on the shore of Naivak Lake. “Marginal,” from qenla, “boundary, margin” (CSY). Intern. – Cape Kogot. [T., “It cannot be translated.”] (Map F)

39 Kiiggpak (Кӣхпак) – river on eastern Itygran Island. “Large river,” from kiiwek, “river,” -pak – augmentative suffix (CSY). (Map D)

40 Kiighaghhlleq (Кӣг’ах’лъык’) – hill next to Vostochnaya Mountain, on eastern Itygran Island. “Interval,” from kiigha-, “distance between things” (CSY). [T., “Smallish hill near Nairakhpak, means “split rock.”] (Map D)

41 Kilgaquviggaq (Килгак’увихак’) – river on eastern Itygran Island, a tributary of the Kiiggpak River. “Small site for training,” from kiilgaaqu, “long-distance running” (CSY). [T., “They ran there in the mornings to train.”] (Map D)

42 Kiwalighhaq (Киўалих’ак’) – spit on the southern shore of Itygran Island that separates a lake from Chechekuyum Strait. “Site in the west,” from kiwalighneq, kigwani-, “there, on the western side” (CSY). Apparently the name originated in Napakutak, where Tagitutqaq was born. Intern. – Lake Kamalikakh. [T., “Subterranean dwellings. No nyn’lyu [semi-dugout dwellings] there, only meat pits, simple depressions.”] (Map D)

43 Kiiweggpagek (Кӣўыхпагык) – river in the eastern part of Itygran Island. “Two large rivers,” from kiiwek, “river” (dual), -pa – augmentative suffix (CSY). A place where two rivers merge and empty into a single channel. Intern. – Napakutak River. (Map D)

44 Kumlungqaghhnaq (К’умлюн’к’ах’нак’) – hillock in the western part of Itygran Island. “Looks a lot like a thumb,” from qumlu, “thumb,” -ngqaghhnaq, suffix signifying a strong similarity (CSY). (Map D)

45 Kurgaq (Кургак’) – locality to the south of Yanrakynnot, between the modern community of Yanrakynnot and the cape named Naasqughneghuq (CSY) (see Naasqughneghuq); in the past, it was a reindeer herders’ camp and a small coastal community. Etymology unclear; possibly “joyful,” from Chukchi korgyl’yn, “happy,” or perhaps from Chukchi kurgan, “spider” (Leont’ev and Novikova 1989, 215). Chuk. – Kurgan. Rus. – Naskonokytrykyr (Map B)

46 Kurgaghhaq (Кургах’ак’) – hill on the western end of southern shore of Chechekuyum Strait. “Little Kurgak” (see Kurgaq), -ghhaq – diminutive suffix (CSY). (Map E)

47 Kuuvellqughaq (Кувылък’уг’ак’) – cape at the western exit from Rumilet Bay. “Continuously flooded,” from kuve-, “pour, flood,” -llqughaq – noun suffix (CSY).Rus. – Mys Kuvilokuok, Mys Kuvylokuok. Intern. – Cape Kuvylokuok, (Map E)

48 Lliveghhtayaq (Лъивых’таяк’) – hillock on eastern Itygran Island where Napakutak cemetery was located. “Cemetery,” from illiveq, “grave” (CSY). [T., “Small rocky hill, cemetery, where a naked corpse was put inside a ring of rocks.”] (Map D)

49 Makawaq (Макаўак’) – pass on the west end of Itygran Island, between Stygrak Bay, to the north, and the southern shore of the island. “Like a diaper,” from maka, “flap of a child’s kukhlyanka [upper garment made of fur, kuspuk], diaper,” -waq – suffix signifying similarity (CSY). (Map D)

50 Makukuq (Макукук’) – river on the northeastern shore of Arakamchechen Island. Yupik adaptation of Chukchi place name M”akok, “little cauldron.” Intern. – Mokoku River, Zvonkiy Creek (?). [T., “Simply ‘Makukuk’, it is untranslatable.”] (Map C)

51 Masiq (Масик’) – locality and former community on the southern spit of Mechigmen Bay. Perhaps “warm,” from masigh-, “to warm up around fire” (CSY). Chuk. – Mesigmen, Machigmen. Chukchi adaptation of P-Esk. *Masighmeng, “from Masik,” or masighmii, “in Masik” (see figure 12.5). Intern. – Mechigmen. (Map A)

52 Mayngiatggergen (Майн’иатхыргын) – locality on the southern shore of Arakamchechen Island. Yupik adaptation of Chukchi place name “large gorge,” from Chukchi ‘mayn’y-/meyn’y-, “large,” eetyk, “come down,” eetgyrgyn’, aatgyrgyn’, “place to come down, gorge.” Chuk. Meyn’yaatgyrgyn. [T., “There are rock pillars there. It seems like there were no dwellings.”] (Map C)

53 Mayngeguq (Майн’ыгук’) – locality and former reindeer herders’ camp on the southern shore of Arakamchechen Island. Yupik adaptation of Chukchi place name “large rock,” from Chukchi mayn’y-/meyn’y-, “large,” vykvyn, “rock.” Chuk. – Meyn’ykvyn. Rus. – Meynyguk, Meynyruk. (Map C)

54 Mayngengay (Майн’ын’ай) – mountain on the southwestern end of Arakamchechen Island. Yupik adaptation of Chukchi place name “large mountain,” from Chukchi mayn’y-/meyn’y-, “large,” -n’ay/-n’ey, “mountain.” Chuk. – Meyn’yn’ey. Rus. – Menyngan. (Map C)

55 Mayngeraq (Майн’ырак’) – locality on the western shore of Senyavin Strait between Yanrakynnot and Gytkokuyym Lagoon. Yupik adaptation from Chukchi place name Mayn’yran, “large house,” from Chukchi mayn’y-/meyn’y-, “large,” –ran, “dwelling.” (Map A)

56 Mekellaq (Мыкылъак’) – knoll on Yargem tekegha, a spit on Arakamchechen Island. “Little,” from meke-, “little” (CSY). Chuk. – Mykyl’an. Intern. – Cape Moklyak. [T., “hump.”] (Map C)

57 Nangnelltu (Нан’нылъту) – bay and southwestern entrance into the Senyavin Strait. Presumably “outermost, last” (that is, the last bay if one travels down the coast from the north), from nangneq, “end” (CSY). Etymology is unclear, but apparently an adaptation of the Chukchi place name Rulmylen/Rulmylyt (Menovshchikov 1972, 144). Intern. – Rumilet (Rumlet, Romulet, Rumulet, Ramulet, Rumilet, Roumilet). Also recorded was the Russian name, Bukhta Ledyanaya. Intern. – Ledyanaya Bay. (Map E)

58 Nangyiighhaq (Нан’йӣх’ак’) – cape on the southern shore of Itygran Island across from Inakhpak Bay. “Little brave man,” from nangyii-, “brave” (CSY). (Map D)

59 Napaqutaq (Напак’утак’) – locality and, until 1934, the site of an Indigenous community on southeastern Itygran Island. “Pillar-like,” from napaqaq or napaqutaq, “post”, -taq – repository suffix (CSY). Rus. – Napakutak. [T., “Old Napakutak [was located] above pillars of rock. Ayilin lived there. This is Napakutak proper, but during my time it was already called Inghiluqaq, and the place where we lived is called Siighwaq.”] (See Siighwaq.) (Map D)

60 Naasqughneghuq (Наск’уг’ныг’ук’) – cape at the northern entrance to Penkigney Bay. “This is a head,” from naasquq, “head” (CSY). Chuk. – Naskunukytrykyr, from -kytrykyr, “cape.” Rus. – Naskonokytrykyr. (Map B)

61 Naayvaq (Нāйвак’) – lake on Cape Chaplin. “Lake,” from naayvaq, “lake” (CSY). Chuk. – Nayvan. (Map F)

62 Nashqaq (Нашк’ак’) – rockslide at Siklyuk, on northern Itygran Island. Etymology is unclear, but perhaps from naarquaque, “swan” (NY) or narkaq, “skin of reindeer’s head” (NY) or naasquq, “head” (CSY). The phoneme sh does not exist in CSY. The sound š constitutes allophone of the phoneme r in the so-called feminine pronunciation. That is why one should discern a lexical element that is not etymologized directly from CSY in this particular place name and in several others on this list. (Map D)

63 Nayghaghhpak (Найг’ах’пак) – mountain in eastern Itygran Island. “Large mountain,” from naayghaq, “mountain,” -pak – augmentative suffix (CSY).Intern. – Vostochnaya Mountain. (Map D)

64 Naayvaghhaq (Найвах’ак’) – lagoon at Siklyuk, on northern Itygran Island. “Small lake,” from nāyvaq, “lake” (CSY). (Map D)

65 Ngayaquq (Н’аяк’ук’) – cape at the southern entrance to Ratmanova Bay on northern Arakamchechen Island. Etymology is unclear. Phonetically the name resembles a Yupik toponym, but perhaps this is a Yupik adaptation of a Chukchi toponym, perhaps from ngayagwell, “herd”; looks like a borrowing from the Chukchi language. Chuk. – N’ut’ekvyn, “something that protects Earth.”) Intern. – Cape Nayakuk. (Map C)

66 Ngeellqat (Н’ылък’ат) – hill and rock on the southern side of Chechekuyum Strait. “Cormorants,” from ngeellqat (CSY). (See figure 12.1.) [T., “Because cormorants nest there.”] (Map F)

67 Neggsiighaq (Ныхсӣг’ак’) – cape at the northern entrance to Getlyangen Lagoon in Mechigmen Bay. Etymology is unclear. A connection to neghhsaq, “seal” (CSY), is very unlikely. Chuk. – Nygchigen. Intern. – Cape Khalyustkin, Nygchigey cabin. (Map A)

68 Nunangighhaq (Нунан’их’ак’) – small island in Bering Strait to the east of Itygran Island, the location of a bird rookery. “Small land,” from nuna, “land” –-ngighhaq diminutive suffix (CSY). (See figure 12.6.) Chuk. – Nunenen. Rus. – Ostrov Nuksagen. Intern. – Nuneangan, Nuneangan Island. (Map D)

69 Nuuvawalik (Нуваўалик) – locality on the southern shore of Itygran Island, east of Cape Amyak. “Slobbered on,” from nuuvak, “saliva” (CSY). [T., “There is no water there, [they] go in a whaleboat. River is very small.”] (Map D)

70 Nuvuk (Нувук) – cape on the eastern shore of Itygran Island. “Final,” from nuvuk, “cape, end” (CSY). Intern. – Cape Navak. (Map D)

71 Pagilleghem tekegha (Пагилъыг’ым тыкыг’а) – spit at the end of Cape Pygylyan, on southeastern Arakamchechen Island. “Spit Pygylyan,” from Pagilleq, and tekeghaq, “spit, cape” (CSY). (Map C)

72 Pagilleq (Пагилъык’) – cape on the southwest-ern end of Arakamchechen Island. “Cormorant,” from P-Esk. *pagi-, *pagu-, “cormorant.” This root is not present in either CSY or NY, but it appears in pagelleΧ (OS) and pagulluk (IN). It is less possible that the name derives from CSY pagii-, “remain, anticipate” (thus, “cape of anticipation”). Chuk. – Pagelyan. Intern. – Cape Pygylyan. (Map C)

73 Pana (Пана) – mountain on the northern shore of Aboleshev Bay. “Spear shaped,” from pana, “spear” (CSY). [T., “Chaplino Yupik Tina and his family used to go there to collect plants and that is why it was called panaghmiit..”] (Map E)

74 Pakfalltaq (Пакфалътак’) – hill and rock on the southern side of Chechekuyum Strait between Inakhpak Bay and Cape Mertens. “Where the southeastern wind blows,” from pakfalla, “southeastern wind” (CSY). (Map F)

75 Papeghaq (Папыг’ак’) – western spur of Nayghaghhpak Mountain, on Itygran Island. “Spur,” from papeghaq, “hill adjacent to a mountain” (CSY). (Map D)

76 Pawaghvik (Паўаг’вик) – flat and overgrown with turf, the top of Konovak Mountain, on northeastern Itygran Island. [T., “From the word pawaghluku, which means to dry seal skin on a wooden stretching frame (niillghhek) on a frame. It got its name from many seal bones there.”] (Map D)

77 Payuggsaq (Паюхсяк’) – high hill on Cape Kygynin, on western Arakamchechen Island. “Observation point,” from payuggte-, “to observe, to check” (CSY). (Map C)

78 Pengut (Пын’ут) – a range of hills on the northern shore of Cape Chaplin from Unyiramkyt to Tyflyak. “Hills,” from pengut, “hills,” “hillocks” (CSY). (Map F)

79 Pennaghraq (Пынъаг’рак’) – cape on the shore of Glazenap Bay, on southwestern Arakamchechen Island. “Not a real rock,” from pennaq, “rock, cliff,” -raq – suffix that signifies something unreal (CSY). Intern. – Cape Taylek. (Map C)

80 Pennaq (Пынъак’) – cape at the southeastern entrance to Chechekuyum Strait. “Rock, cliff,” from pennaq (CSY).Intern. – Cape Mertens, named after naturalist Karl H. Mertens, who travelled with Fyodor Litke’s expedition to the Bering Strait. (Map F)

81 Piwatengu (Пиўатын’у) – spit, cape on the southwestern shore of Itygran Island. “Send off to home,” from piwaghaquq, “to go home” (CSY). Perhaps a Yupik adaptation of Chukchi place name Pygatyn, from pygatyn, “place where something will surface,” “place for arranging an inflatable float, pyg-pyg” (Menovshchikov 1972, 139). Intern. – Cape Ostryy. (Map D)

82 Pugneghem ullghhitaghviga (Пугныг’ым улъх’итаг’вига) –northern spur of Itygran Mountain on the island of the same name. “As if balls of boiled reindeer fat are rolling,” from pugneq, “ground reindeer fat and meat,” ulghhit, “to roll” (CSY). [T., “As if boiled white fat is rolling, after the white marks on the slopes of a hill.”] (Map D)

83 Qalareq (К’алярык’) – a bay on the western side of Senyavin Strait. Etymology is unclear. Perhaps from P-Esk. *qala, “fur seal,” or Chuk. kal’a, “devil.” Chuk. – Kalyarakuyym. Chuk. – Pen’ken’ey, “snowy mountain.” Intern. – Penkigney, Pinkigney. [T., “Not a single Yupik would go hunting at Penkigney. Prior to collective farms, the reindeer herders were stationed there, and everyone kept reindeer. The reindeer provided the herders with fat and other things, and in August, when reindeer skins are good, the reindeer herders would come to slaughter them, and Eskimo would visit them. I do not think that my father, Yama, had a reindeer herder with whom he traded regularly.”] (Maps B and E)

84 Qamughtughvik (К’амуг’туг’вик) – a river that flows into Stygrak Bay, on western Itygran Island. “A place where there is a portage,” from qamuq-, “to pull, drag (including something in a sled or on the ground)” (CSY). [T., “River where alder grows, from qamughaqa, which means to pull a seal by a rope, because a long time ago they had pulled a bearded seal from the southern shore across this river.”] (Map D)

85 Qavraatat (К’аврāтат) – mountain, the highest peak on Itygran Island (454 metres). “Ravines,” from qavraatat, “gorge, ravine” (CSY). Intern. – Itygran Mountain. (Map D)

86 Qayam mayuqaghhfigha (К’аям маюк’ах’фиг’а) – tip of Cape Mertens. “Lifting of kayak,” from P-Esk. *qayaq-, mayughaquq, “climb up, lift up,” mayughvik, “a place of ascension,” mayuq, “ascension” (CSY). [T., “Two people paddling in a kayak fought with each other, and then one ran to the shore and up the mountain and carried the kayak by himself.”] (Map F)

87 Qayovenliptaten (К’айовынлиптатын) – river on southern Arakamchechen Island that flows into Yyergyn Strait between Mayngiatggergen and Inqetuq. A Chukchi place name that was has no Yupik adaptation. (Map C)

88 Qelengayen, Qelengay (К’ылын’айын, К’ылын’ай) – locality on the southern side of Chechekuyum Strait and the site of a marine mammal hunting base (see Ingaghpak) for the Senyavin Strait region. A Chukchi place name, from k’ytl’ik, “cannot, do not want to reach,” -n’ay/-n’ey, “mountain.” Chuk. – K’ytlin’ay. Rus. – Kytlinay. (Map F)

89 Qesiighyat (К’ысӣг’ьят) – Cape on the northern coast of Itygran Island, at the western end of Siklyuk Bay. “Covered with hoarfrost,” from qesiighaq, “hoarfrost” (CSY). See also Estegraghvaq. (Map D)

90 Qesiighyaghwaq (К’ысиг’ьяг’ўак’) – small cape in Stygrak Bay, on northern Itygran Island. “Like Kysig’yat [Qesiighyat]” (CSY). (Map D)

91 Qevagem uusneghwagha (К’ывагым усныг’ўаг’а) – hill in the Qevaq locality at the entrance to Getlyangen Lagoon, in Mechigmen Bay. “Kyvak [Qevaq] hillock,” from uusnevaghaq, “small hillock” (CSY). (Map A)

92 Qevaq (К’ывак’) – locality at the base of the southern spit at the entrance to Getlyangen Lagoon, in Mechigmen Bay. “Angry, mean,” from P-Esk. *qeve-, “angry,” qevute, “to beat” (CSY), qeveet, “to be angry, to be ticked off” (NY). Perhaps a Yupik adaptation of a Chukchi place name Kuvan, “stone.” Intern. – Mount Kuvan. (Map A)

93 Qeyuvaggpak (К’ыювахпак) – a low hillock on the western shore of Rumilet Bay. “A large green mountain” (NY), from qeyuq, “greenery, grass,” -pak – augmentative suffix (CSY, NY). (Map E)

94 Qeyuvaggpam nayva (К’ыювахпам найва) – small lake near the Qeyuvaggpak hillock. “Kyyuvakhpak Lake,” from naayvaq, “lake” (CSY). (Map E)

95 Qiighhqaghhaq (К’ӣх’к’ах’ак’) – island in the Senyavin Strait between the southwestern end of Arakamchechen Island and an entrance into Aboleshev Bay. “A little island,” from qiighhqaq, “an island,” -ghhaq – diminutive suffix (CSY). Rus. – Kynak. (Map E)

96 Qiighhqaghhpak (К’ӣх’к’ах’пак) – island at the northern entrance to Penkigney Bay. “A large island,” from qiighhqaq, “an island,” -pak – augmentative suffix (CSY). Chuk. – Ech’ynkinken, “fatty.” Intern. – Achinkinkan, Orlov Island (named after a participant in the Fyodor Litke expedition). (Map B)

97 Qiighhqaq (К’ӣх’к’ак’) – island at the northern entrance to Penkigney Bay. From qiighhqaq, “an island” (CSY). Chuk. – Mervykinken, “skinny.” Rus. – Merkinkan. (Map B)

98 Qigi (К’иги) – (1) an outermost eastern end of Arakamchechen Island. “Green, covered with greenery,” from qig-, “green, to turn green” (CSY). Less possible connection with qiighhqaq, “island” (CSY). Perhaps a Yupik adaptation of a Chukchi place name, although there is no clear etymology for Chukchi K’iginin’ytkyn. Intern. – Cape Kygynin. (Map C) (2) Yupik name of the entire island of Arakamchechen, common in CSY since about the mid-twentieth century. Chuk. – Ilir, “island.” Rus. – Ostrov Arakamchechen. Intern. – Arakamchechen. The participants in the expedition led by Fyodor Litke gave the island the last of these names. The name originated when expedition cartographers took a Chukchi phrase, which apparently was not very well understood, to be the name of the whole island. (Vladilen Leont’ev cites a Chukchi variation Y’r’ykamchech’yn, “deceptive place where one wanders” [Leont’ev and Novikova 1989, 72].) Despite its artificial origins, the place name Arakamchechen has become the most widely accepted name for this large island. (Maps B and C)

99 Qikut (К’икут) – rivers that flow from the south into Chechekuyum Strait between Inakhpak Bay and Cape Mertens. “Clay-like,” from qiku, “grey clay, from which the oil lamps were made” (CSY). The western river is Sivuli qiku (Сивули к’ику), “anterior Qiku”; the eastern river is Kiwaliik Qiku (Киўалик К’ику), “aftermost Qiku.” (Map F)

100 Qilaget (К’илягыт) – mountain on the northern shore of Cape Chaplin to the south of Cape Mertens. “Sky-like,” from qilak-, qilaget, “skies” (CSY). Intern. – Mount Kiyagat. (Map F)

101 Qunguq (К’ун’ук’) – cape at the northern entrance to Aboleshev Bay. “Burial,” from *quŋuq, “to bury, grave, cadaver” (CSY, NY, IN), qungeΧ (OS). Rus. – Kunuk. [T., “In the past, my father, Yama, went to this cape very often in September and October; he had a hunting cabin there—a semi-subterranean dwelling with wooden cover. There they hunted seals. In December they would return back to Napakutak on a sled.”] (Map E)

102 Qunguvak (К’ун’увак) –northeastern cape on Itygran Island. “Large cemetery,” from P-Esk. *quŋuR-, “to bury,” “grave, cadaver,” qungughaq, “cemetery” (CSY). Intern. – Cape Konovak. [T., “A grave covered in rocks.”] (Map D)

103 Qupr(sh)uqellaq (К’упр(ш)ук’ылъяк’) – white rocks on the western end of Siklyuk Bay. “Tufted puffin,” from quprughaq, “tufted puffin, horned puffin” (CSY). (Map D)

104 Quwaq (К’уўак’) – northern end of Arakamchechen Island. Yupik adaptation of a Chukchi place name K’ukven, “wooded,” from quuk-, “firewood” (CSY) and -kven, “rock” (Chuk.). Intern. – Cape Kuguvan, Mount Kruglaya. (Map C)

105 Regnaghhpaq (Рыгнах’пак’) – butte and fort at Cape Chaplin. (See figure 12.7.) eEtymology is unclear, but possibly “large yearling reindeer,” from Chukchi rygna, “yearling reindeer,” and -paq – augmentative suffix (CSY). (Map F)

106 Reperen (Рыпырын) – cape at the entrance to Glazenap Bay, on the southwestern end of Arakamchechen Island. Yupik adaptation of a Chukchi place name, perhaps from Chukchi rypattym, “shoulder blade,” “dwelling covered with whale shoulder blade.” Intern. – Cape Taylek. (Map C)

107 Reqaq (Рык’ак’) – Gytkokuyym Lagoon in Mechigmen Bay. Yupik adaptation of a Chukchi place name Rekan. Etymology is unclear; compare Chukchi reken, “reindeer that one can ride.” (Map A)

108 Rumilet Bay (Румилет) – see Nangnelltu. (Map E)

109 Sagayaq (Сягаяк’) – rocks at the southern base of Ivghaq Spit, at the entrance to Gytkokuyym Lagoon. “Expanded,” from saaq-, “expanded, disordered” (CSY). Intern. – Sapalon Spit. (Map A)

110 Saniighmelnguq (Сянӣг’мылн’ук’) – hillock on northern Itygran Island. “Transversal,” from sanigh-, “transverse” (CSY). (Map D)

111 Siighwaq (Сӣг’ўак’) – a former Yupik camp on the eastern shore of Itygran Island, part of Napakutak. “A place where fog is clearing away,” from siigh-, “to clear away (fog)” (CSY). [T., “That place, where we lived, is called Siighwaq. We all were called siighwaghmiit napaqutaghmiit.”] (Map D)

112 Singhaghhaq (Синг’ах’ак’) – spit on the northern shore of Itygran Island. “Little Singak” or “little shore,” from P-Esk. *sin-, “shore,” -ghhaq – diminutive (CSY). The Whale Bone Alley site, is located on this spit, at Siqlluk. (Map D)

113 Siqlluk (Сик’лъюк) – bay, locality, and, until 1951, Yupik community on the northern shore of Itygran Island, sometimes used as an alternative name for the island itself. “Meat pit,” from P-Esk. *siqlluk, “meat pit, dwelling,” siqllugwaq, “meat pit” (CSY). Chuk. – Sya’alun. Rus. – Siklyuk, Seklyuk. Inter. – Seklyuk. Whale Bone Alley, a famous cultural and historical site, is located at Siklyuk. [T., “All the area from Kunguvak to Napakakhpak. It [the name] originates from the word sik’l”yuȗak because a lot of meat had been put on the rockslide. Hunters from Chaplino had recently put [it] there and then used sleds to transport it during winter.”] (Map D)

114 Siqlluwraq (Сик’лъуўрак’) – locality on the northern shore of Itygran Island to the east of Siklyuk. “Like Siklyuk,” from Siqlluk, -ra(q) – suffix of similarity (CSY). (Map D)

115 Sivughat (Сивуг’ат) – (1) rocks on the southern shore of Itygran Island. “Foremost,” from sivu-, “front, beginning” (CSY). (2) rock on the eastern shore of Itygran Island. Etymology is the same (CSY). (Map D)

116 Sulghaq (Сулг’ак’) – locality on the western shore of Itygran Island. “Murky,” from sulghii-, “murky”; possibly, but less likely, from sullqu, “grey ringed seal” (CSY). [T., “A shore on the western coast, place to hunt seals. Seals are there in the winter, rains comes upon it.”] (Map D)

117 Suventatggergen (Сувынтатхыргын) – isthmus between Yarvi Lake and the northeastern shore of Arakamchechen Island. Chukchi place name. (Map C)

118 Talngighaq (Талн’иг’ак’) – hill on the southern side of Chechekuyum Strait. “Without a cover,” from P-Esk. *tal-, “to hide, conceal,” -ngigha – suffix of negation (CSY). Perhaps Intern. – Cape Topograficheskiy. (Map F)

119 Tapik (Тапик) – cape at the southern entrance to Penkigney Bay. Etymology is unclear, but perhaps a Yupik adaptation of the Chukchi noun tepk’en, “spit.” Rus. – Iranki, Irankhi. Also possibly from Russian yarangi (Leont’ev and Novikova 1989, 158). (Maps B and E)

120 Teflleq (Тыфлъык’) – Yupik community on Peschanoe Lake that existed at the beginning of the twentieth century on the northern shore of Cape Chaplin. Etymology is unclear. Perhaps related to tele-/*tefe-, “to pass, go up,” tevaquq, “to cross, pass” (CSY), then “large pass” (Menovshchikov 1972, 157). Rus. – Tyflyak. (Map F)

121 Teghlawaquneq (Тыг’ляўак’унык’) – rocky cape on the southern shore of Aboleshev Bay. “Looks like a sitting owl,” from teghla, “owl,” -waq – suffix of similarity (CSY). Chuk. – Taglyavakun. (Map E)

122 Tekeghat (Тыкыг’ат) – two spits at the entrance of Rumilet Bay. “Spits,” from tekeghaq, “spit, cape,” pl. tekeghat (CSY). See Aywaan tekegha, Uughhqan tekegha. (Map E)

123 Tengteghak (Тын’тыг’ак) – small cape to the west of Siklyuk Bay, on northern Itygran Island. “Walrus nose,” from tengteghak, “walrus nose” (CSY). (Map D)

124 Tevek (Тывык) – pass between two hills overlooking Siklyuk, on northern Itygran Island. Tevek, “pass” (CSY). (Map D)

125 Tevesugni (Тывысюгни) – pass on between the Menyngan and Afos mountains on Arakamchechen Island. “Looks like a pass,” from tevek, “pass,” -sugni – suffix of similarity (CSY). (Map C)

126 Tevlighaq (Тывлиг’ак’) – pass between the northern and southern shores of western Itygran Island. “Small pass,” from teve-, teva-, “to pass, go up,” tevaquq, “to cross, pass,” -ghaq – diminutive suffix (CSY). (Map D)

127 Tirqenaquq (Тирк’ынак’ук’) – cape on the southern shore of Arakamchechen Island. “Creaky,” from teřqi, “to creak” (CSY); perhaps also an adaptation of a Chukchi place name. The other Yupik name of this cape is Uwaliq. Intern. – Cape Oleniy. (Map C)

128 Tuungliq (Тӯн’лик’) – spit on the western shore of Arakamchechen Island, several kilometres to the north of Pagilleq. “Next,” from tuungliq, “next” (CSY). (Map C)

129 Tutaq (Тутак’) – bay and river on the southern shore of Itygran Island. “Jounced against something,” from tutaqa, “step on something, jounce against something” (CSY). Intern. – Tugak Bay. (Map D)

130 Ugwinga (Угўин’а) – mountain on the southern side of Chechekuyum Strait. “Her husband,” from ugwi, “husband” (CSY). See also Asagvek. (Maps D and F)

131 Ukaneq (Уканык’) – locality on the northern shore of Penkigney Bay. “Local,” from uka, “here, local” (CSY). (Map B)

132 Ukimaraguq (Укимарагук’) – rocks in Stygrak Bay, off northwestern Itygran Island. “Having holes,” from ukimalleq, “hole” (CSY). [T., “There are some holes that are caves.”] (Map D)

133 Umiruu (Умирӯ) – spit on the southeastern shore of Arakamchechen Island. Yupik adaptation of the Chukchi place name Mumir”un. Etymology is unclear. Intern. – Cape Umiru. (Map C)

134 Umirum nayva (Умирум найва) – lake on the southeastern shore of Arakamchechen Island. “Umirumskoe Lake,” from naayvaq, “lake” (CSY). Chuk. – Mumir”ugytkhyn. Intern. – Yarvi Lake. (Map C)

135 Ungaziq (Ун’азик’) – peninsula and former community at the eastern end of Cape Chaplin. “There lies,” from unga-, “there, further” (CSY) (Krauss 2005, 169). Chuk. – Un’iin. Intern. – Ungazik, Cape Chaplin, Staroe Chaplino. (Map F)

136 Ungiyeramken (Ун’ийырамкын), Ungiyeramka (Ун’ийырамка), Ungiyeramket (Ун’ийырамкыт) – Yupik community on Peschanoe Lake that existed at the beginning of the twentieth century, on the northern shore of Cape Chaplin. (See figure 12.8.) “Ungazik people,” from Un’iin, “Ungazik, Old Chaplino,” ramka, “people” (Chuk.). Rus. – Unyiramkyt, Uniyramkyt. (Map F)

137 Unuguteq (Унугутык’) – river that flows into Aboleshev Bay between Kuuvellqughaq and Teghlawaquneq, two capes on the southern shore of Aboleshev Bay. “Place for overnight stop, overnight,” from unuk, “night” (CSY, NY, CY, IN). (Map E)

138 Uqfigaqeggtaq (Ук’фигак’ыхтак’) – cape on the northeastern shore of Arakamchechen Island. “Wooden, where good willow bushes with roots are,” from ugfigaq, “edible willow roots,” -qeggtaq – suffix indicating a stable characteristic (CSY). Chuk. – M”akokykvyn, “rock cauldron” (Menovshchikov 1972, 125). Intern. – Cape Makokugvan, Makokuguan. (Map C)

139 Usugraq (Усюграк’) – southern spit at the entrance to Gytkokuyym Lagoon, on the shore of Mechigmen Bay. “Looks like a penis,” from usuk, “penis” (CSY). Intern. – Sapalon Spit. (Map A)

140 Usugram tapghha (Усюграм тапх’а) – spit at the entrance to Gytkokuyym Lagoon, on the shore of Mechigmen Bay. “Usyugrakskaya spit,” from tapghhaq, “spit” (CSY). (Map A)

141 Uuggsit (Ӯхсит) – seal haulout on the southern shore of Aboleshev Bay, from uuggsiq, “dry spot,” uuggsilghak, “haulout of marine animals” (CSY). (Map E)

142 Uuggsit kangiit (Ӯхсит кан’ӣт) – bay on the western side of the Senyavin Strait. “Bay where a haulout is,” from uuggsiq, “dry spot,” uuggsilghak, “haulout of marine animals,” kangiiq, “bay, gulf” (CSY). Chuk. – Kalilinvyn. Rus. – Bukhta Abolesheva, Abolesheva-buhta, Bahía Abolechef, Bukhta Kalalen, Bukhta Kalelen, Bukhta Kalyalen. Intern. – Aboleshev Bay, named after M. N. Aboleshev, a naval officer who served with the Fyodor Litke expedition. Also known as Kalyalen Bay, an adaption of a Chukchi place name. [T., “People from Siklyuk hunted in this bay. A Siklyuk Eskimo named Akugyka hunted on the southern shore. They would depart from Napakutak in a baidara [a whaling boat] that would deliver them there and then go back, while they stayed to hunt seals from baidarkas [smaller baidaras] covered with walrus skins. Dogs pulled the baidarkas back.”] (Map E)

143 Uughhqan tekegha (Ух’к’ан тыкыг’а) – spit at the southern entrance to Rumilet Bay. “Southern spit,” from uughqa, “south,” tekeghaq, “spit, cape” (CSY). (Map E)

144 Uullghhuk (Ӯлъх’ук) – hot springs in the valley of Klyuchevaya River, which flows into Gal’mimyl’ Bay. “Hot springs,” from uullghhuk, “hot spring” (CSY). Chuk. – Gilmimyl. Intern. – Senyavin Hot Springs, Chaplino Hot Springs. [T., “There was a large reindeer herders’ camp at the hot springs. Nomads stayed there: Umrugvi and, before him, Yatylin, from Kurupka. Umrugvi was a local Yanrakynnot nomad.”] (Map E)

145 Uullghhum kiiwa (Ӯлъх’ум кӣўа) – river where the Senyavin Hot Springs are located. “River at hot springs,” from uullghhuk, “hot spring,” kiiwa, “river” (CSY). Intern. – Klyuchevaya River. (Map E)

146 Uwaliq (Уўалик’) – another name for cape Tirqenaquq, on southern Arakamchechen Island. “Eastern,” from uwalighneq, “east” (CSY). Intern. – Cape Oleniy. (Map C)

147 Vuvelltu (Вувылъту) – rock pillar near Cape Engelyukan (see Inghiluqaq), on southern Itygran Island. “Lemming,” from vuvelltu, “lemming” (CSY). (Map D)

148 Wesuggtan (Ӯысюхтан) – river on eastern Itygran Island. Etymology is unclear. Perhaps from suugh-, “murky,” then “murky river” (CSY). Possibly the name has a Chukchi origin. (Map D)

149 Wingqurasiq (Ӯин’к’урасик’) – river on eastern Itygran Island that flows between Nayghaghhpak and Kiighaghhlleq mountains. “Unhurried,” from wiinqun-, “not yet, thus far” (CSY). [T., “Doesn’t freeze during winter: water is always under the ice.”] (Map D)

150 Wewtengay (Ӯыўтын’ай) – spit on the northwestern shore of Arakamchechen Island. Yupik adaptation of the Chukchi place name Vyvtyn’ayen’ytkyn, from enytkyn, “cape, spit,” n’ay-, “mountain” (Chuk.). [T., “A little spit where people can take shelter from the north wind while they are at the western shore.”] (Map C)

151 Yagrakenutaq (Ягракынутак’) – community on the western side of Senyavin Strait. Yupik adaptation of the Chukchi place name Yanrakynnot, from Chukchi yanra-, “separately,” -kyn-, “hard,” not-, from nytenum, “earth” (Menovshchikov 1972, 174); that is, “a plot of land that lies separately.” Rus. – Yanrakinot, Yandrakinot, Yanrakennot. (Map B)

152 Yarga (Ярга) – locality on the southwestern end of Arakamchechen Island (see figure 12.9). “Flat area,” Yupik adaptation of a Chukchi place name, from Chukchi ergyyikvik, “valley.” Chuk. – Ergyn. (Map C)

153 Yargem kangigha (Яргым кан’иг’а) – bay at the southwestern end of Arakamchechen Island. “Yarginskaya bay,” from kangighaq, “gulf, bay” (CSY). Intern. – Glazenap Harbor (named after warrant officer B. Glazenap, participant in the Fyodor Litke expedition). (Map C)

154 Yargem naayva (Яргым наайва) – lake at the southwestern end of Arakamchechen Island. “Yarginskoe Lake,” from naayvaq, “lake” (CSY). Intern. – Gornoe Lake. (Map C)

155 Yargem tekegha (Яргым тыкыг’а) – spit on the southwestern end of Arakamchechen Island. “Yarginskaya spit,” from tekeghaq, “spit” (CSY). Intern. – Cape Yyergyn, Cape Myergyn. (Map C)

156 Yiillggam naayva (Йӣлъхам нāйва) – small lake on the northern shore of Cape Chaplin. “Iil’khakskoe lake,” from naayvaq, “lake” (CSY). (Map F)

157 Yiillggaq (Йӣлъхак’) – locality on the northern shore of Cape Chaplin, adjacent to Cape Mertens. “Hidden,” from yillggani, “unnoticed, hidden” (CSY). (Map F)

Yugaghhtaghhaq (Югах’тах’ак’) – (1). Kekur (rock stack) on Konovak Mountain, on north-eastern Itygran Island. “Small, looks like a human,” from yuuk, “human,” yugaq, “looks like a human” (CSY). [T., “A rock that looks like a human. One like that stands at the top of a hill; people pushed [it up] to become stronger.”] (2). A group of tall, upright stones atop a cliff on a slope of Ivyl’kak Mountain, on the southern shore of Itygran Island. [T., “The rocks were once human beings. When one passes in a whaleboat, it looks like many people stretching upward.”] (Map D)

158 Yughniq (Юг’ник’) – river that flows into Ratmanov Bay, on northern Arakamchechen Island. Possible Yupik adaptation of the Chukchi name Yugniveem River, “river where edible plants grow,” from veem, “river,” yun’i-, “edible plants” (Chuk.). (Map C)

159 Yughnivayam (Юг’ниваям) – river that flows into Yyergyn Strait, on the southern shore of Arakamchechen Island. Yupik adaptation of a Chukchi place name, from veem, “river,” yun’i-, “edible plants” (Chuk.). Chuk. – Yugniveem. Intern. – Kamenistyy Creek. (Map C)