Contents
Part 1. Levels of Organization
1. An Introduction to the Human Body
1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
2. The Chemical Level of Organization
2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
3. The Cellular Level of Organization
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
4. The Tissue Level of Organization
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
6. Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
6.6 Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue
6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
7.5 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
10.3 Muscle Fibre Contraction and Relaxation
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall and Thorax
11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
Part 3. Regulation, Integration, and Control
12. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
12.3 The Functions of Nervous Tissue
12.5 Communication Between Neurons
13. Anatomy of the Nervous System
13.1 The Central Nervous System
13.2 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
13.3 The Peripheral Nervous System
14. The Somatic Nervous System
15. The Autonomic Nervous System
15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
16.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
16.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
16.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
16.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
17. The Cardiovascular System: Blood
17.2 Production of the Formed Elements
18. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
18.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
19. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
19.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
19.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
19.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
19.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
20. The Lymphatic and Immune System
20.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
20.2 Barrier Defences and the Innate Immune Response
20.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T Lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
20.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B Lymphocytes and Antibodies
Part 5. Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange
21.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
22.1 Overview of the Digestive System
22.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
22.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
22.5 The Small and Large Intestines
22.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
22.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
23.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
23.5 Metabolic States of the Body
24.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
24.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
24.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
24.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
24.5 Physiology of Urine Formation
24.7 Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
24.8 Endocrine Regulation of Kidney Function
24.9 The Urinary System and Homeostasis
25. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
25.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
25.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Part 6. Human Development and the Continuity of Life
26.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System
26.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
27. Development and Inheritance
27.4 Changes During Pregnancy, Labour, and Birth
27.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages