Index

Abel, I. W., 278, 313, 435n131

Aborn, Randolph, 55–56

Abramovitch, Raphael, 23–24, 38–39, 365n25

Acheson, Dean, 31, 363n4, 374n5–6

Adamczyk, Aloiz, 98, 421n131, 466n87

Adenauer, Konrad, 133–35, 161–62, 186, 458n23

African-American Labour Center (AALC), 26, 213, 216, 226–27, 233, 286–92, 298, 320, 347

African Labour College, 179–80, 224–25, 425n35

African Regional Conference, 169–70

African Regional Organization (AFRO), 180, 183, 192–97 passim, 205, 225, 286

African Trade Union Confederation (ATUC), 225, 432n101

Afro-Asian Institute, 192, 246

Agency for International Development (AID), 216, 226, 244, 258, 260, 286

Agostinone, Valerio, 234

Aguirre, José Maria, 223

Airmold Products, 265

Air-Terre-Mer, 92–93, 383n79, 384n84

Aldrich, Winthrop, 55

Algeria, 162–64, 189, 192, 211, 401n87, 410n43, 411n46, 435n125

All-Africa People’s Conference, 180–83, 418n108

All-Africa Trade Union Federation (AATUF), 163, 195, 205, 426n40

Alliance for Labor Action, 313, 315

All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (AUCCTU): chairman as former head of KGB, 349, 467n92; exchanges visits with DGB, 285, 302, 305, 336; exchanges visits with TUC, 281, 304, 308; and Victor Reuther meeting with Shelepin, 306

Altaffer, Thomas, 432n107

Altman, Georges, 95–96, 385n91

Altschul, Frank, 278

Amalgamated Clothing Workers’ Union, 246, 278, 393n31

Amalgamated Engineering Union, 336, 466n85

American Federation of Labor (AFL): agreement to cooperate with CIO in ICFTU, 70; Asian initiative in preparation for ICFTU mission, 76; betrayed by TUC association with AUCCTU, 16; Brown’s appointment, 42; CIO international role revives rivalry with, 107; commits to staying in Europe, 39; declines to contribute to RAF, 119; embarks on unity process, 121; and fear of ICFTU falling under control of Europeans, 79; Free Trade Union Fund established by, 19; and FTUC not being integral part of, 22; and concept of free trade unionism, 73, 108; inches towards leadership of future anti-WFTU campaign, 30; insists on its special interests within ICFTU, 78; and issue of contacts with eastern bloc, 80; and meeting with Harriman to block concessions to CIO, 12–21; and merger terms lacking agreement on international affairs, 144–45; Reuther taken to be in the Tewson camp, 119; Schumacher as guest at 1947 convention, 48; Tewson declines invitation to executive council, 68

American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO): advocates stronger ICFTU anti-communist lead, 303; aims to exclude UAW from reaffiliating to ICFTU, 334; ahead of Eisenhower administration in developing strategy for Africa, 170; and Atlantic City accord, 177; and Carleton Hotel agreement, 153; commits to significant contributions to ISF, 203; conducts ongoing programme in Africa from 1960, 192; consistent stand of against colonialism, 168; demands accounting of ISF contributions, 227; insists on right to conduct own international programme, 235; and issue of CIA funding leading to general debate over international policy, 267, 270; and Paris office as symbol of interest in Europe, 207; quest for AID funding, 215

American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, 450n102

American Institute for Free Labour Development (AIFLD), 261, 264, 448n94

American Labor Conference on International Affairs (ALCIA), 23–24, 38, 361n20, 361n22

Americans for Democratic Action, 266

Anaconda Mines, 259, 263–64

Anderson, John E., 56

Angleton, James, 56, 139–38, 145, 402n106, 405n109, 416n94

Anglo-American Council on Productivity, 112

Anglo-Soviet Trade Union Committee, 14–15, 170

anti-colonialism, 7, 346

Antonini, Luigi, 100, 446n79

Arbenz, Jacobo, 446n79

Armas, Castillo, 446n79

Asian-American Free Labour Institute, 298, 320, 462n57

Asian Regional Organization (ARO), 76–77

Atlantic City Accord, 175, 177, 179, 189, 192

Atlee, Clement, 9

Australian Council of Trade Unions, 80, 85

Australian Workers’ Union (AWU), 85, 344

Babeu, Marcel, 419n65

Baker, Jim, 362n25

Ball, George, 268

Barrette, Paul, 292–93

Barton, Paul (Jiri Veltrusky), 223, 298, 465n77

Batista, Fulgencio, 256, 406n2, 446n79

Baylot, Jean, 138

Bay of Pigs, 239–40, 257–58

Beck, Dave, 414n81

Becu, Omer: and accusations of financial irregularity, 228, 231; biographical note, 400n79; and Brown’s unauthorised travel, 211–13, 219, 224, 227; Meany hostility toward over proposed ICFTU reforms, 198–99; Meany pressure applied to through spending cuts, 216–18, 221–23; misleads ITF over move to ICFTU, 187, 420–21n27; and negotiation of terms of Brown’s appointment, 207–11; and promised ICFTU post for Brown, 195–97; and proposed post of ICFTU director of organization, 139–40; reconciliation with Brown, 200–201, 206–7; reluctance to challenge for ICFTU general secretaryship, 174, 183, 186, 415n83; resignation of, 333–34

Beichman, Arnold, 74–75, 177

Beirne, Joe: prime mover behind AIFLD, 258–59, 262, 271–73, 450n102; supports Meany over withdrawal from ICFTU, 315, 331, 333, 338–39, 340

Belgian Congo, 180–81, 192–95, 287, 291–94, 319, 346–47

Bellanca, Frank, 117, 394n34, 398n61

belly communism, 114, 347

Benedict, Dan, 256–57, 270

Ben Seddik, Mahjoub, 193, 205–6, 412n61, 426n41

Bentum, Benjamin, 290, 480n43

Berger, Sam, 36–37, 44, 111, 117, 121, 125, 390n12

Bergeron, André: dependence on Americans, 279–80, 463n68; and Irving Brown, 37, 279, 297, 320; as opponent of East-West trade union contacts, 306, 308–9; supports AFL-CIO in dispute with ICFTU, 320, 327, 331

Berle, Adolph, 99, 110, 446n79

Bevanism, 165, 379n46

Bevin, Ernest, 15, 44, 59–61, 69, 359n4, 374n6, 390n12

Bilderburg Conference, 168

Birdsall, Paul, 86–87

Bizone, 41

Bluestein, Abraham, 19, 24, 32–39 passim

Bluestone, Irving, 469n112

Blum, Léon, 31–50

Bohlen, Charles, 36

Bolle, Martin, 58, 371n86

Bondy François, 97

Boni, Piero, 245

Bosch, Juan, 368n62

Bothereau, Robert: biographical note, 363n6; and caution over financial dependence on AFL, 32, 51, 94, 279, 379n41; conflict with Lafond, 165, 411n49

Bouazza, Tayeb, 412n61

Bouladoux, Maurice, 126

Bourguiba, Habib, 168–69, 273

Bowles, Chester, 239–40

Braden, Tom: biographical note, 391n13; and CIO operation in Genoa docks, 117; hired by CIA, 111; and Saturday Evening Post exposé, 125, 271–72, 397–98n61

Brandel, Kuno, 285, 296, 302, 392n23, 458n25

Brandt, Willy: Lovestone low regard for, 133, 284, 456n7, 458n25, 466n83; relations with Reuthers, 134, 246, 248, 420

Bratelli, Trygve, 248

Braunthal, Alfred, 210, 223–24, 295, 301, 428n57, 462n61

Brenner, Otto, 242, 280, 299, 301, 317, 455n6, 462n62

Brevière, La, 124–26, 397n60

Brezhnev, Leonid, 282, 307, 467n92

“bridge building,” 268–70, 282, 303–7, 317, 320, 344

Brinkerhoff, Charles, 259, 263, 445n75

Brodolini, Giacomo, 245

Brombart, David, 426n41

Brown, George (AFL-CIO Director of International Affairs), 150–51, 174

Brown, George (British Foreign Secretary), 457n12

Brown, Irving: alternative employment options, 61–62, 82; background, 24–25; wartime activities, 25–27

in Africa: activity in Algeria, 163–65; activity in Congo/Zaire, 291–93; activity in Ghana, 289–91; activity in Israel, 192–94; activity in Nigeria, 288–89; activity in Tunisia, 168–69; confined by Meany to Africa, 297–98; and eleven-country tour (1960), 193–94; and role at All-African People’s Conference, 180–81; and role over formation of AATUF, 205–6; as secretary of AALC, 213, 215–216, 226–27, 233, 286–87; and Zack activities in Ghana, 290, 460n43

in Asia: as AFL-CIO fraternal delegate to INTUC congress (1956), 152; mission to India (1949), 70, 474n8; mission to launch Indian CCF, 386n95; mission to Vietnam (1961), 208, 427n50; mission to Vietnam (1964), 225, 432nn107–8; mission to Vietnam (1968), 298, 463n67

in ICFTU: attends African regional conference, 169–70; champions cause of affiliation to ICFTU, 232–33, 320; and collaboration with Oldenbroek, 74, 75, 104; considered unsuitable to be ICFTU director of organization, 150, 406n2; as director of ICFTU New York office, 123–25, 206–11, 295; as member of ICFTU mission to Algeria, 163–65; opposes 1952 boycott of ICFTU, 80–82; personal leadership ambitions, 226, 229–30, 434n125; and possible appointment as ICFTU assistant general secretary, 195–99; reconciliation with Becu, 200–202, 204; regrets disaffiliation from ICFTU, 320; role in preparatory committee for ICFTU founding congress, 71–73; and unauthorized travel in Africa, 211–13, 219, 220

in Europe: activity in Finland, 88–89; activity in France, 48–50, 90, 115–16, 132–33; activity in Germany, 47–48, 115, 133–34, 161–62; activity in Greece, 43–46, 94, 167; activity in Italy, 100, 115–16, 133; activities outside the field of labour, 95–96; activities with Czech exiles, 97–98; activities with Ferri-Pisani and Mediterranean Vigilance Committee, 89–95; activities with Polish anti-communists, 98, 371n85; and l’affaire Dides, 138, 403–4n108; campaigns against WFTU and for Marshall Plan, 58–59; conflict over ERP-TUAC, 63–64, 68–70, 373n105, 374n6; and covert funding, 54–56, 84–88; develops relations with Ross, 135–37; and EDC crisis in France, 132–33; embattled against Victor Reuther, 117–19, 122–26; establishes permanent office, 40–41; financial arrangements of, 52–54; and financing of FO, 50–51; and growth of anti-Americanism, 165, 414n81; and international conference of maritime workers in Naples, 103, 383n78; and launch of ICFTUE, 51–52; and links with ITSs against WFTU, 57–60, 62, 70; lobbies Ernest Bevin, 59–60; meeting with Eisenhower as NATO Supreme Commander, 383n82; and mission to Europe (1945–46), 29–39; and mission to Finland (1968), 463n69; and mission to France (1968), 298, 463n68; and Pegler press campaign, 137–38; and proposals for disciplined trade union cadre organization, 93, 133, 146, 382n71; relations with Bergeron, 279–80; relations with Bothereau, 364n6; relations with FTUC officers, 42; relations with Jouhaux, 48–49, 89–90; relations with Lovestone, 39, 43, 68, 207, 210, 235, 345; relations with Schumacher, 47–48; role in CCF, 96–97, 385n95; and tensions with CIA over “French budget,” 108, 110, 121; and training programme for France, 90

Brown, Lillie, 25, 41, 71, 207

Bruce, David, 118, 382n74, 412n60

Bruegel, John, 138, 404n109

Buiter, Harm: biographical note, 462n62; hostility of Lovestone toward, 297, 299, 301; ICFTU general secretary candidature of, 293, 296, 299, 300; and Meany’s campaign against, 314–20, 324–40 passim

Bukharin, Nicolai, 20–21

Bullitt, William, 54, 369n70

Bunche, Ralph, 421n1

Bunker, Ellsworth, 391n12

Burati, Val, 76, 377n28

Burgess, David, 240

Burnham, James, 96

Busia, Kofi Abrefa, 287

Buu, Tran Quoc, 225, 298, 427n50, 463n67

Byrnes, James, 36, 59, 363n4, 390n12

Caffery, Jefferson, 31, 362–63n3

Camus, Albert, 95, 385n91

Canadian Congress of Labour, 408n15

Canadian Labour Congress (CLC), 213, 220, 281, 303

Canini, Giovanni, 100–103

Carey, James B., 71, 129–30, 177, 201, 208, 251, 374n5: biographical note, 399–400n72; as firm opponent of Meany, 150, 158, 171

Carleton Hotel agreement, 153–57 passim, 170–71

Carliner, Lewis, 114, 446n78

Carney, Jack, 113, 138, 404n109

Castroism, 257

Cavazza, Fabio, 439n23

Central All-Indonesian Workers’ Organization (SOBSI), 85

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). See Office of Policy Coordination–Central Intelligence Agency (OPC-CIA)

Central Vigilance Committee, 91

Centre d’éducation syndicale international, 24

Centre of Study and Propaganda, 96

Chajn, Leon, 268, 452n105

Chamberlain, Neville, 132

Chiang kai-shek, 71, 85, 93, 141

China lobby, 140

Chinese Federation of Labour (Taiwan), 406n2

Chipman, Norris, 30–31, 36

Christian Science Monitor, 75

Church Committee, 405n109

Churchill, Winston, 15, 23, 40, 131–32, 455n2

Citizens Exchange Corps, 266

Citizens for Victory, 21

Citrine, Sir Walter, 11–18 passim, 34, 62–63, 79, 359n4, 372n103, 373n14

Clay, General Lucius, 36, 47–48, 215, 364n11

Clouzet (French journalist), 96

Cohen, Theodore, 377n27

Cohn, Roy, 403n107

Collins, Canon John, 243

Colonial Office (British), 156, 173, 177, 417n100

Committee for the Establishment and Development of Free Trade Unionism in Morocco, 412n61

Committee of the International Socialist Conference, 367n62, 372n103

Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, 21

Communication Workers of America, 258

Communist Party of France (PCF), 30–31, 115, 362n3

Communist Party of Italy, 100

Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 281

Communist Party Opposition, 20

Confederación interamericana de trabajadores, 74

Confederación latinoamericana de sindical cristiana, 470n121

Confederación de trabajadores de Cuba, 256–57, 446n79

Confederación de trabajadores de Mexico, 256

Confédération des syndicats libres du Congo, 292

Confédération française des travailleurs chrétiens (CFTC), 116, 118, 122–23, 126, 393n27

Confédération générale du travail (CGT), 31–32, 37, 40, 48–52, 92: aims for closer ties to EEC, 232, 248; leads WFTU condemnation of 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, 308

Confédération générale du travail–Force ouvrière (CGT-FO): AFL funding of, 52, 58, 89, 90, 108; Algerian policy of, 163–64; and CIO activities in pilot plant programme, 122; and schism within CGT, 48–51; and renewed search for AFL-CIO funding, 279–80, 463n68

Confederazione generale italiana del Lavoro (CGIL), 115–16, 245–46: aims for closer ties to EEC, 247–48; as first non-communist centre to affiliate to ETUC, 352; moves to federate with non-communist Italian unions, 351; opposes invasion of Czechoslovakia, 308, 310

Confederazione italiana dei sindacati Lavoratori: and contacts with communists, 280, 302, 309–10, 351, 474n17; and financial dependence on Americans, 101, 102, 103, 116, 122, 123; and ideological militancy of younger members, 440n27; and Labour Attaché Lane as source of finance, 101, 105, 121, 395n45

Conference of Foreign Ministers, 44, 60

Cong-Nong, 463n67

Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF), 95–97, 105, 385–86n95

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO): AFL rejecting partnership role with, 107, 109–11; approach to international activities of, 114–16; covert funding of, 117–21, 125, 135–37; plans for programme in Europe of, 103–5, 108, 111–13; and proposal to strengthen ICFTU secretariat, 129–31; and role in founding of WFTU, 10–16 passim; and unity with AFL, 128–31, 138–47 passim; and founding of ICFTU, 68–74 passim

Conroy, Pat, 392n20

Conway, Jack, 239, 271, 454n121

Cooper, Gary, 385n95

Cope, Elmer, 68, 74, 123, 373n106

Cotton, Sir John, 461n49

Council for Social Progress, 258–62 passim, 446n78

counterpart funds, 101, 109–20 passim, 145, 348–49, 387n109, 389n4, 398n62

Cousins, Frank, 170, 428n62, 466n85, 470n122, 471n125

Crosland, Anthony, 439n23

Cuban Confederation of Labour (CTC), 257–57, 446n79

Cuban missile crisis, 213, 277–78

Curran, Joe, 271, 273, 384n87, 454n123

Cyprus, 173, 414n77

Czeck National Confederation of Political Prisoners and Resisters in Exile, 97

Czechoslovakia, 74, 301, 305–10 passim, 315, 364n12, 372n103

Daily Worker (United Kingdom), 13

Daily Worker (United States), 31, 150, 363n4

Dale, Leon, 94, 96, 110, 140, 384n87, 388n1

Dalla Chiesa, Enzo, 101, 103, 335

Dan, Phan Quang, 427n50

Das, Mohan, 136, 386n95, 404–5n109

Deakin, Arthur, 69–70, 79

Debré, Michel, 411n79

Debunne, Georges, 319, 324, 328–29, 334–35, 474n17, 476n33

Defferre, Gaston, 382n72

de Gaulle, Charles, 15, 30, 164, 192, 242, 401n87

Delaney, George (Phil): biographical note, 402n97; nominated for AFL-CIO director of international affairs, 142–43; relations with Lovestone and Brown, 82, 135, 136, 144

de Neufville, Lawrence, 97

Deniau, Roger, 32

Denki Rōren, 251

Dennen, Leon, 98–99, 387n102

Dennis, Les, 469n114

Detroit Economic Club, 263

Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB): and AFL-CIO complaints over coverage by DGB press, 284–85, 445n23; AFL-CIO lack of rapport with leaders of, 115, 161, 162, 171, 217; criticizes Brown’s role as director of ICFTU’s New York office, 209, 213; criticizes Meany’s stance at ICFTU Amsterdam congress, 229, 232; inconsistent support for AFL-CIO over UAW, 317–19, 324–25; and policy in favour of contacts with eastern bloc communists, 281–285, 302, 304, 305–6, 309, 336–340, 350

Deverall, Richard: biographical note, 376n26; controversial past, 76, 377n27; as FTUC representative in India and Japan, 70, 85, 250; relations with Lovestone, 76–78, 412n59; and role in ICFTU delegation to Asia, 76–77, 377n28

L’affaire Dides, 138, 164, 403–4n108

Diem, Ngo Dinh, 427n50

Doherty, William, Jr, 261, 264, 271, 445n75

Doherty, William, Sr, 17

Dohrn, Klaus, 138, 404n109

Dōmei. See Japanese Confederation of Labour (Dōmei)

Donovan, General William, 26, 55–56, 412n60

Dougherty, Tom, 85

Draper, General William, 36

Dubinsky, David: and AFL hostility towards ICFTU and CIO, 81, 116, 117, 130, 152, 153, 158; biographical note, 306n13; disenchantment of over link with CIA, 108, 110, 129, 131; and financial support for refugees, 19; as leading activist in FTUC, 22, 29, 47, 50, 51, 55, 69, 75, 95, 99, 100, 101, 102; relations with Lovestone, 21, 42

Duclos, Jacques, 362n2

Dulles, Allen: and CIA taking control of labour operations, 97, 108–9, 117; relations with Lovestone, 99, 111, 120–21

Dulles, John Foster, 152

Dunn, James, 100, 116, 118

Durand, Dana B., 440n23

Durbrow, Elbridge, 31

Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), 109, 114, 121, 125, 392n20

Eden, Sir Anthony, 15

Edwards, Ebby, 11, 13

Ehrhard, Ludwig, 284

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 93, 151, 170, 173, 185, 251, 263, 275, 364n11, 383n82

Eldridge, Richard, 118

Erlander, Tage, 248

Erler, Fritz, 133

Etter, Willard, 84

Eurocommunism, 248

European communities, 293

European Coal and Steel Community, 79

European Defence Community (EDC), 132–34

European Economic Community (EEC), 352

European Recovery Programme–Trade Union Advisory Committee (ERP-TUAC), 63, 68–69, 201, 372n102

European Recovery Programme Trade Union Conference, 62, 372n103

European Regional Organization, 124

European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), 350–52

European Trade Union Secretariat (ETUS), 296, 462n62

EUR-X Department, 31, 50, 55, 109, 363n5

Evans, Lincoln, 17, 365n28

Fabian, Walter, 282

Faline, Mikhail, 38

Fane, H. F. B., 452n105

Farfield Foundation, 97

Faupl, Rudy, 123, 126, 197, 268–69, 398n65, 451n104, 452n105

Feather, Victor, 323–39 passim

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 21–22, 31, 138, 389n3, 390–91n12, 402n106, 403n107

Federal Economic Administration (FEA), 25–26, 33

Fédération générale du travail Belgique (FGTB), 58, 169, 232, 319, 335, 412n63, 461n55

Fédération générale du travail du Kongo, 291

Federazione impiegati operai metallurgici (FIOM), 245, 439n22

Federazione italiana del lavoro, 102

Federazione italiana metallmeccanici (FIM), 166, 244, 439n22

Felce, Pierre, 297, 299, 301, 462n65, 464n71

Fenton, Frank, 41

Ferri-Pisani, Pierre, 89–95 passim, 103, 117, 382n72, 406n2, 453n118, 462n65

FIAT, 122, 133, 146, 208, 247, 382n71, 395n45

Figueras, José, 367n62

Filippelli, Ronald, 103

Fimmen, Edo, 370n82, 420n127

Finet, Paul, 71, 79, 378n33

Finland, 68, 84–85, 88–89, 104, 118, 298, 388n1

Fizz Kids, 86, 89, 94, 97, 111, 117–18, 121, 125, 136–37, 144, 386n98

Ford Foundation, 124–25, 398n62

Ford, Henry, II, 262

Foreign Operations Administration (FOA), 136–37, 145, 166, 395n45

Foreign Policy Association, 243

Forrestal, James, 56, 369n77, 377n27

Frachon, Benoît, 31, 40, 49, 163, 365n20

Franco regime, 242, 342, 438n14

Franc-Tireur, 95–96, 110, 385n91

Frankfurter Runschau, 35

Free China Labour League (FCLL), 85, 380n55

Free Labour World, 377n31

Free Trade Union Committee (FTUC): and Atlantic City accord, 176; bank account active in 1961, 416n94; and Carleton Hotel agreement, 153–54; commercial bank loan required by, 54–55; covert funding of begins, 55; and Dubinsky’s reduced subsidy to, 129–30, 137, 400n74; established as component of LLHR, 19; European office opened, 41; Free Trade Union News, 39; independent AFL activities funded by, 67–89 passim, 94–105 passim; Lovestone as executive secretary of, 22; and mission to Europe (1945), 29; relationship to AFL international labour relations committee, 23

Free Trade Union Fund, 23

Free World Labor Defence Fund, 241–44, 274–75, 437n10

Free World Trade Union Conference, 10, 12–13, 15–18

Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), 34, 47, 305

Freitag, Walter, 133–34, 154, 161

Friedman, Jesse, 261

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 242, 262

Fritze, Walter, 325, 458n28

Fry, Varian, 23–34, 361n22

Fulbright, William, 278

G-2 Intelligence, 76

Gaitskell, Hugh, 439n23

Galbraith, J. K., 307

Gallin, Dan, 450n102

Gausmann, Bill, 166, 179

Gazier, Albert, 32

Gee, Hubert, 366n40

Geijer, Arne: biographical note, 415n84; closeness to UAW, 175, 183, 200–201, 248, 314, 324; election as ICFTU president, 175, 177; and AFL-CIO withdrawal from ICFTU, 314, 324, 328–29, 334, 336; relations with Meany, 198–99, 228–30, 232, 329, 334; and replacement of Oldenbroek by Becu, 183, 185–87, 421n128

General Confederation of Greek Workers (GSEE), 43–46, 63, 74, 94, 167, 201, 242, 303, 366n40, 390n12, 438n16

General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sōhyō), 76, 249–55, 325, 343, 351, 377n28, 442nn41, 442n44, 442n46

Geneva summit, 151, 407n6

Germer, Adolph, 47

Gewerkschaftler, Der, 285

Gewerkschaftliche Monatschafte, 285

Ghana Trade Union Congress (GTUC), 180, 287, 290

Gherman, Eftimie, 97

Gillen, William, 469n114

Giornelli, Paolo, 94–95, 393n26

Giustizia, La, 396n53

Godson, Joseph, 176, 416n87

Goldberg, Arthur, 21, 26, 117, 239–41, 245–46, 260, 268, 393n30

Goldberg, Harry, 85, 144, 151, 156, 165–66, 254, 345, 380n56, 440n27

Golden, Clinton, 125

Goldfinger, Nat, 254

Gompers, Samuel, 5, 19, 22, 133, 361n19

Gordon, Archibald, 375n14

Gottfurcht, Hans, 33, 48, 124, 130, 136, 155, 421n131

Goulart, Joao, 264

Grace, Peter, 259, 261–65, 445n75, 448n91

Grace, W. R. and Company, 259, 445n75

Graedel, Adolphe, 166, 246–47, 315, 441n33

Greece, 43–46, 57, 64, 93–94, 142, 201, 303, 384n84

Green, William, 16, 19, 22, 33, 42, 62, 69, 74, 82, 128, 359n7

Greenburg, Max, 333

Grishin, Victor, 282

Guerini crime family, 90, 382n74

Guingouin, Georges, 115

Hached, Farhat, 379n41

Hargreaves, Alan, 306, 316, 327, 476n33

Harpsund conferences, 248–49, 275

Harries, Edgar, 365n28

Harriman, Averell, 101, 111, 119–21, 246, 266, 389n4, 390n12, 455n2

Harrison, George, 82, 177, 254, 300, 416n93, 445n75

Hayday, Fred, 474n18

Haywood, Alan, 396n52

Healey, Denis, 366n44

Heine, Fritz, 133, 161, 392n23

Henderson, Loy, 31, 239, 386n95

Henson, Francis, 52

Heyer, Alfred, 224

Hillenkoetter, Admiral Roscoe, 56

Hillman, Sidney, 17, 34–35, 47, 364n13

Hiss, Alger, 31, 363n4

Histadrut, 85, 192–93, 242, 309

Hook, Sidney, 96

Hoover, J. Edgar, 403n107

Horner, Arthur, 170

“hot autumn” (Italy), 166, 351, 474n17, 475n30

House Un-American Activities Committee, 403n107

H-T Lingual, 405n109

Humphrey, Hubert, 247, 267, 348, 271, 287–88

Hungarian uprising, 165, 277, 306, 337, 415n83

IG Metall, 57, 246, 280, 284, 317, 392n23, 456n6

Ilg, Konrad, 24, 57, 61, 113, 122

Independent Labor League (Lovestoneites), 20–21

Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC), 152, 168

Indonesia, 74, 84, 374n8, 380n56

Industrial Union Department, 241, 252, 376n26, 409n31, 410n34

Inter-Asiatic Trade Union Federation, 70

International Association of Machinists (IAM), 25, 57–58, 126

International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 25

International Centre of Free Trade Unionists in Exile (ICFTUE), 51–52, 72, 97–99, 368n62, 409n31, 466n87

International Chemical Workers’ Federation, 392n20, 439n21, 465n79, 467n96

International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU): foundation of, 70, 72–74

under Jaap Oldenbroek as general secretary: AFL boycott of, 80–82, 84; AFL increasingly critical of, 79, 80–82, 104; and AFL-CIO ten-point programme, 171–75, 177; and African regional conference, 169–71; and African training college, 178–79; and appointment of director of organization, 153–54, 156; CIO programmes under auspices of, 119, 121–26; and CIO proposals for restructuring secretariat, 128–31, 138–39; delegation to Algeria, 163–64; and early tensions over cold war, 75; mission to Asia, 76–78; pan-Africanist challenge to, 180–83; and plans for new post of director of organization, 135, 139–44; and replacement of Oldenbroek, 183–88

under Omer Becu as general secretary: and allegations of financial irregularities, 226–34 passim; and Brown as director of New York office, 206, 207–13 passim, 220, 223–24; efforts to secure Japanese affiliations, 249–54; and Meany as chairman of ISF committee, 217–23 passim, 226; and Rens as potential general secretary, 293–96; structural reform of and criticisms by Meany, 195–200

under Harm Buiter as general secretary: Buiter’s candidacy for general secretary of, 299–300; and efforts to retain AFL-CIO affiliation, 323–40 passim; revision of policy on contacts with communist unions, 277–78, 281–82, 301–10 passim, 321; and UAW application for affiliation, 313–20

International Cooperation Administration (ICA), 166

International Federation of Commercial, Clerical, and Technical Employees (IFCCTE), 450–51n102

International Federation of Employees, Technicians, and Managers (FIET), 316, 450n102

International Federation of Petroleum and Chemical Workers, 450n103

International Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU), 10–18 passim, 64, 69, 73, 79, 363n5, 370n82, 373n3

International Labor Bookshelf, 243

International Labour Organization (ILO), 41, 143, 176, 268–69, 290, 327, 336, 344, 376n21, 451nn104, 105, 452n109

International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union (ILGWU): as benefactor to Force ouvrière, 51; as benefactor to German social democrats, 47; as benefactor to ICFTUE, 97; as mainstay of FTUC, 47; as pre-war base for Lovestone and Brown, 19–29 passim

International Metalworkers’ Federation (IMF): American affiliations solicited by, 57–58; American financed training programme in Italy for, 166–167; as a UAW stronghold, 113, 123–129; programmes funded by UAW Free World Labour Defence Fund, 241–59 passim, 269, 275

International Photo-Engravers Union of North America, 4, 22, 361n19

International Solidarity Fund (ISF), 179, 194–95, 198–209, 216–21, 227–34, 296, 301, 425n35

International Study Group on Freedom and Democracy, 439n23

international trade secretariats (ITSs), 18, 29, 57–58, 70, 186, 261

International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF): American railroad workers affiliation to, 58; and links with Brown, 18, 33, 70, 140, 157; misled over Becu’s career intentions, 196, 420n127; as respectable cover for vigilance committees, 91–92, 383n78; rumours of teamsters reaffiliation to, 470n122; and wartime intelligence role of, 370n82, 400n79

International Union of Electrical Workers, 72

International Union of Food and Allied Workers (IUF), 267, 449–50nn101–2

Istanbul Federation of Labour, 94

Italian-American Labor Council, 100

Iwai, Akira, 254–55

Jackson, C. D., 99, 188, 395n46, 404n109

Jagan, Cheddi, 224

Jahn, Hans, 388–89n1

Jallow, Momodou, 226

Jamela, Reuben, 195, 442n13

Japan Productivity Center, 250–51, 442n44

Japanese Confederation of Labour (Dōmei), 253–55, 302, 443n35

Japanese Wage Research Centre, 249–56, 275

Jeffrey, Newman, 26

Jewish Labour Committee (JLC), 29, 53–54, 360n13

Jockel, Helmuth, 114

Johnson, Lyndon B., 225, 247–48, 265, 268–69, 271, 278, 289, 320, 344, 398n61, 452n109

Jolis, Bert, 30, 53, 96

Jones, Jack, 336, 471n125

Jouhaux, Léon, 9, 31–34, 48, 50, 64, 90, 363n5

July 26 Movement, 256

JX files, 138, 405n109

Kaiser, Henry, 262

Kamenev, Lev, 20

Kanalarbeiter group, 161

Kaplansky, Kalmen, 220, 281

Karamanlis, Konstantinos, 167

Karl, Albin, 134

Katayama, Takeo, 252–53

Katz, Milton, 108–117, 125, 391–92n18

Kaunda, Kenneth, 243, 273

Keenan, Joseph (Joe), 25

Kemsley, Bill, 126, 136, 141, 144, 165, 174

Kennan, George, 40, 61

Kennedy, John F., 192, 215, 238–39, 243–46, 248, 250–51, 257, 275, 280, 436n2, 438n14, 456n7

Kennedy, Robert, 259, 271, 437n4

Kenya African National Union, 194

Kenya Federation of Labour (KFL), 169, 179, 182, 413n64, 419n114: and funding for headquarters building, 169–72, 181, 193–94, 417n99

Kenyatta, Jomo, 413n64

Kersten, Otto, 284, 306, 308–9, 325, 467n95, 468n100

KGB, 282, 349, 467n82

Khanh, General Nguyen, 225

Khrushchev, Nikita, 151–52, 185, 192, 277, 467n92: meeting with Walter Reuther, 185, 188, 238, 348

Kiesinger, Kurt, 319

Killen, James, 378n32, 432n107

Kirkland, Lane, 271, 339–49, 454n121, 469n112, 473n13

Kirsch, Henry, 98–99, 110, 387n104, 400n74, 432–33n108

Kissel, Erich, 451n102

Kissinger, Henry, 168

Kithima, Alphonse, 194, 291–92

Kleine Tribune, Die, 388n1

Kloos, Andries, 330, 474n17

Kluncker, Heinz, 282–84

Koestler, Arthur, 97, 388n1

Kohler, Foy, 440n28

Korean War, 75, 124, 343, 374n24

Krag, Jens, 248

Krane, Jay, 76–77, 158, 172, 183, 373n106, 376n26, 377–78n31, 412n59, 421n131

Kreisky, Bruno, 404n109

Kupers, Evert, 71

Kuznetsov, V. V., 17

Ky, Air Marshall Nguyen Cao, 298

Labor League for Human Rights (LLHR), 19, 24, 32, 39, 360n12, 407n4

Labour Party (British), 43, 457n12

Lacoste, Robert, 163–64

Lafond, André, 133, 164–65, 401n87, 411n49

La Malfa, Ugo, 439n23

Landesgruppe Deutscher Gewerkschafter, 33

Landsorganisasjonen i Norge (LO), 29, 37, 248

Landsorganisasjonen i Sverige (LO), 37–38

Lane, Tom, 100–105, 116, 118, 121, 384n87, 395n45

Langley, David (Dan Gallin), 450n102

Largentier, Auguste, 32

Laski, Harold, 43

Leber, Georg, 279–80, 284–85, 325, 455n6, 456n7, 466n83

Le Bourre, Raymond, 164

Lecouer, Auguste, 115, 463n68

Lee, Ernest, 213–14, 235, 253–55, 315, 429n73, 430n80, 435n125, 447n85, 466n80

Lefranc, Georges, 50

Leskinen, Väjnö, 88–89, 381n65

Lever, Jack, 265

Levinson, Charles: biographical note, 392n20; CIO staff member in Paris, 114, 123, 396n52; favours engagement with Soviet bloc, 467n96; hostility to ICFTU, 467n96; IMF staff member, 129, 166; supported by Reuther brothers as ICF general secretary, 439n21

Lewis, Harold, 94, 196, 279, 378n84, 420n127, 427n52, 464n71

Lewis, John L., 22

Libera confederazione generale italiana del lavoro (LCGIL), 71, 100–103, 387n109, 456n8

Liberman reforms, 465n79

Lie, Haakon, 26, 59, 361–62n25, 388n1

Lindblom, Olavi, 88, 117–18

Lipset, Alexander, 264

Loan, General Nguyen Ngoc, 463n67

Lorwin, Val, 392n20

Lovestone, Jay: background, 20–21; wartime employment, 21–22

as FTUC executive secretary: as admirer of Adenauer, 160–62, 458n23; and AFL boycott of ICFTU (1952), 80–82; and AFL complaints behind the “bill of particulars,” 80–82, 376n21; appointment as FTUC executive secretary, 19; assessment of Becu, 415n83; assessment of Ferri-Pisani, 453n18; assessment of Oldenbroek, 73; assessment of Tewson, 170; attacked by Spencer Miller, 137–38, 403n107; attacked by Westbrook Pegler, 137–38, 403n107; attitude to DGB leadership, 161–62, 458n25, 466n83; attitude to SPD leadership, 133, 162; attitude to TUC leadership, 58, 62; and concern over lack of ICFTU activity and purpose, 75, 78; confrontational tone in reporting on sister organizations, 78–81, 104, 345; and consistent support for continued AFL/AFL-CIO affiliation to ICFTU, 104, 319–20; covert funding transactions by, 54–56, 70, 85, 88–89, 94–101, 103, 108–9, 118, 123, 381n58, 383n78; disapproves of turn to left in Italy, 165; drafts ten-point programme in response to Soviet “new look,” 171–72; and FTUC financial situation, 52, 54, 16; and ICFTU mission to Asia, 76–78; and Khrushchev secret speech, 151; and influence in appointing labour attachés, 176, 377n28, 415–16n87; and OPC-CIA links, 86, 110–11, 113, 117, 120–22, 380n55, 389n7, 453–54n118; opposes Carleton Hotel agreement, 154–66; outsider status of in AFL, 42; and quality of Oldenbroek-Tewson leadership in ICFTU, 79–80, 82, 376n21, 378n38; relations with Angleton, 138, 402n106; relations with Becu, 183; relations with Brown, 25, 43, 207, 210, 236, 345; relations with Deverall, 77–78; relations with Dubinsky, 42–43, 136–37, 129–30, 151, 400n74; relations with Dulles, 99, 109–111; relations with Meany, 141, 213–14, 235, 299, 300, 464n75; relations with Oldenbroek, 78, 79–80, 376n21, 378n38; relations with Ross, 135, 160; relations with Schumacher, 48; and “Samuel Gompers Library,” 136, 139; State Department contacts of, 31; transfers to AFL staff, 151; views CIO as security risk in context of CIA-funded activity, 109, 388n1, 389n5, 394n34, 397–98n61

as assistant director/director of AFL-CIO international affairs department: appointment as assistant director, 176; appointment as director, 214; assessment of Buiter, 299, 301; assessment of Feather, 334; assessment of Kersten, 468n100; assessment of Lumumba, 422n11; assessment of Rosenberg, 283; assessment of Ben Seddick, 426n41; assessment of Storti, 301; assessment of Weaver, 426n17; Atlantic City accord and opposition by, 176–77, 188–89; attends German construction workers’ union congress with Meany and President Kennedy, 280, 456n7; awarded Order of Merit of Federal Republic of Germany, 186; and campaign to update ICFTU policy on contacts with communists, 280, 282, 303–4, 306–8, 321, 467n90; campaigns to block election of Storti as ICFTU general secretary, 296–97, 299; and funding for Bentum in Ghana TUC election for general secretary, 460n43; and issue of CGIL disaffection with WFTU, 247–48, 441n38; and issue of DGB and SPD press coverage of AFL-CIO leadership and policy, 232, 284–85; lack of enthusiasm for auxiliary institutes, 235; lobbies for financial assistance for Bergeron and FO, 279–80; lobbies over Kennedy administration appointments, 239–40; meets Adenauer, 284; opposes AFL-CIO boycott of and disaffiliation from ICFTU, 319–20, 330, 337; reaction to Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, 307; relations with Brown, 207, 210, 235; relations with Meany, 213–14, 235, 299–300, 464n75, 474n13; role in appointment of Lee, 213–14, 429n73

Lovett, Robert, 59

Luce, Henry, 404n109

Lumumba, Patrice, 180–81, 194, 422n11, 461n47

Lyon, Art, 136, 402n102

Macao, 409n32

MacArthur, General Douglas, 76, 377n28

MacDonald, Donald, 156, 430n84, 474n18

Maciolek, Josef, 98

Macmillan, Harold, 191

Maga, Hubert, 287

Mahomo, Nana, 431n93

Mahoney, Bill, 435n131, 468n108

Maier, Heribert, 224

Mailly, Henri, 37

Major, Louis, 58, 412n63

Makris, Fotis, 44–46, 167, 201, 225

Mandel, Ben, 31

Manpower Division (OMGUS), 25–26, 33–34, 364n11, 398n65

Mao Tse-tung, 71, 85, 93, 96

Masaryk, Jan, 372n103

Marseille docks, 90–93, 141, 382n72, 453n118

Marshall, General George C., 44, 60

Marshall Plan, 48–49, 52, 58–64, 99–101, 108–109, 112–14, 122–25, 145–46, 367n50, 397n61

Martin, Homer, 21, 25, 52, 111, 391n14

Martov, Julius, 23

Marty, André, 115

Marzet (French journalist), 96

Mboya, Tom: biographical note, 412–13n64; fundraising for KFL headquarters, 169, 194; as general secretary of Kenya African National Union, 193; pro-western voice among African nationalists, 180–83, 419n15; supports continued role in Africa for Brown, 209–12; turns Reuther against Oldenbroek, 179, 182, 419n14

McCarran, Pat, 378n31, 389n7

McCarthy, Joseph, 137, 364n11, 377–78n31, 389n3, 403n107

McCollum, John, 259–60

McCray, George, 180–81, 199

McLellan, Andrew, 267, 449n101

McSherry, General Frank, 34, 364n11

Meany, George: attends TUC’s Blackpool conference (1945), 10–17; auxiliary institutes as increasing focus of, 214, 346; background, 10; contrasting images of, 238, 346; interest in international affairs, 22, 42; opposes colonialism, 173, 186, 346; relations with Brown, 42, 87, 297–98; relations with Lovestone, 42, 207, 214

relations with CIO: appeasement of communism as point of difference with Reuther, 132; and security liability of CIO an issue in OPC-CIA programme, 108–9; and unity process avoiding issue of international affairs, 128

relations with DGB and German labour: addresses German construction workers’ union congress, 280; Adenauer as greater object of sympathy than German socialists, 162; appeals to German workers to support Paris Accords and NATO membership, 134; and criticism in DGB press of personal performance at ICFTU Amsterdam congress, 232; and DGB critical press reporting of AFL-CIO leadership and policy disputes, 283–86; and DGB interest in contacts with communists, 283; and DGB lack of gratitude leading to growing AFL-CIO resentment, 134; Order of Merit of Federal German Republic awarded to, 186; warns Adenauer against fostering Christian trade union movement, 133–34

relations with ICFTU: animosity toward Oldenbroek precedes 1952 boycott, 80–128; and Atlantic City accord, 176–78; and attempts by ICFTU to retain AFL-CIO membership, 327–29, 337–39, 346–50; backtracks from Carleton Hotel agreement, 153–56; and Becu objection to Brown serving as AALC executive secretary, 226–27; and boycott of ICFTU (1968), 310; and Buiter’s response to UAW application for affiliation, 312–19; campaigns against Becu within ISF committee, 216–18, 221; combative performance by at ICFTU Amsterdam congress, 230–33; in conflict with Becu over Brown’s unauthorized foreign travel, 212; demands change in ICFTU leadership, 184; disaffiliation from ICFTU declared by, 319; discounts Deverall’s reports from ICFTU headquarters, 77; and efforts to bolster Dōmei and cold-shoulder Sōhyō, 254–55; 195–96, 198, 199; fails to respond to Rens’s letter, 294–96; and issue of ICFTU financial irregularities, 228–29; leads deputation to declare no-confidence in Oldenbroek, 183; opposes “bridge-building” and contacts with communists, 278–79; and rejection of AFL-CIO offer of black organizers for ICFTU work in Africa, 182; rejects distinction between Soviet and non-Soviet communism, 80; relations with Becu, 195–99; role in ousting Oldenbroek as general secretary, 187; speaks out against colonialism at Brussels congress, 186; and ten-point programme proposed to strengthen ICFTU’s stance against communism, 173; withholds levy funds over dissatisfaction with Millard, 158; withholds support for Buiter in election for general secretary, 299–300

relations with TUC and British labour: animosity of toward Tewson, 80; concerned over British labour support for Communist China, 132; and reports of Catholic-Irish antipathy toward TUC, 79; and Tewson private appeal for change of tone in relations, 78; Times (London) letter by opposing colonialism, 173

relations with Walter Reuther within AFL-CIO: and AIFLD role for employers, 259–61; and allegations of CIA funding, 267–73; campaigns against Bowles’s and Reutherites in government service, 239–40; criticizes Reuther activities in Italy, 246; defends walkout by American worker delegation to ILO, 268–69; explores CGIL disaffection within WFTU, 247–48; and joint campaign with Reuther to replace Oldenbroek, 184; obstructs Reuther’s objectives in Japan, 252–53; opposes Nehru’s “positive neutrality,” 152; and policy towards India and Nehru as a source of friction, 151–53; rejects claim of CIA funding of AFL/AFL-CIO, 298; rejects Stevenson proposal for special advisors to UN delegation, 240–41; and visits by Mikoyan and Khrushchev, 184–85

Mediterranean Vigilance Committee (Regional Vigilance Committee for the Mediterranean), 91–95, 99, 104, 115, 382n72, 383n78, 384n87

Meir, Golda, 192, 417n100

Mellon, Chase, Jr, 263, 447–48n91

Mendès France, Pierre, 138, 163, 403n108

Meyer, Cord, 271

Michel, Serge, 422n11

Michigan Fund, 125

Mihajlov, Mihajlo, 449n98

Mikoyan, Anastas, 184–85, 188, 238, 348

Millard, Charles, 153–58, 171–72, 179, 183, 396n52, 408n15, 421n128

Miller, Admiral H. B., 99

Miller, Spencer, 138, 403n107

Mitterand, François, 138, 403–4n108

Mobutu, Sese Seko, 287, 289, 291–94, 319, 346–47, 461n47, 461n48, 461n49, 461n52

Moch, Jules, 165, 385n89

Moi, Daniel Arap, 287

Mollet, Guy, 162–64

Monnet, Jean, 462n62

Monrovia group, 192

Montana, Vanni, 102

Morgan, Ted, 6, 456n7

Morgenthau Plan, 25, 33, 35

Moro, Aldo, 246

Morocco, 168–69, 412n61

Morris, Louise Page (“Pagie”), 56, 137, 140

Morse, David, 452n105, 461n55

Morse, Wayne, 307

Mosca, Giovanni, 247–48, 441n36

Mouvement populaire de la révolution (MPR), 291

Mugabe, Robert, 195, 442n13

Mujal, Eusebio, 406n2, 446n79

Mulino, Il, 439n23

Murphy, Raymond E., 31, 50, 55, 109, 363n4, 386n95

Murphy, Robert, 386n95, 395n45

Murray, Philip, 15, 119, 137, 399n67

Murrow, Ed, 438n14

Mutual Security Agency (MSA), 108, 113, 116, 119–26, 135–36, 145, 166

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 152, 168

Nation socialiste, La, 463n68

National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE), 98–99, 110, 121, 386n100, 387n102, 409n31

National Liberation Council (Ghana), 290

Nederlands Verbond van Vakverenigingen (NVV), 330, 332, 370n82, 378n33, 462n62

Nedzynski, Stefan: biographical note, 425n38; and Brown’s unorthodox line over formation of AATUF, 206; experience of working under Becu, 221–23; impression of Brown, 432n105; impression of Meany, 217, 230, 346; impression of Smith (Ernst), 434n24; impression of Woodcock, 203

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 152–53, 188, 374n8, 408n18

Nenni, Pietro, 101, 165, 244–46, 275, 394n34, 440n27

New York Journal-American, 137

Nigerian Trade Union Congress, 288

Nitze, Paul, 168

Nixon, Richard M., 170, 390n12

Nkomo, Joshua, 195, 422n13

Nkrumah, Kwame, 169, 180–83, 193–94, 289, 460n43

Non-Aligned Movement, 152, 250

Nordhal, Konrad, 248

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 93, 134, 142, 146, 160–61, 245, 343, 383n82, 441n29

Nouira, Hedi, 287

Nzeribe, Gogo, 419n115

Obote, Milton, 224, 287

Odría, General Manuel, 261

Office of Policy Coordination-Central Intelligence Agency (OPC-CIA), 56, 70, 73, 85–96, 104, 108–11, 247, 266–67, 270–71, 273, 389n3

Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 19, 21, 30, 391n13

Offie, Carmel, 108, 116, 388n109, 389n3, 403n7

Oginga Odinga, Jaramogi, 194, 200, 211

OGPU, Joint State Political Directorate, USSR, 22

Ohta, Kaoru, 254

Oldenbroek, J. H.: biographical note, 370n82; as conservative ICFTU general secretary, 75, 185, 346; challenged by AFL-CIO over ICFTU Africa policy, 182–87; and ICFTU Asia Mission and rift with Lovestone, 76–78, 378n33; growing AFL disapproval of, 79, 80, 82, 84, 85, 119, 135, 139, 140; leads ITS campaign against WFTU, 18, 33, 40, 57; resigns under pressure, 186–87; role of in creation of ICFTU, 71–72, 375n14; and tension with TUC over ICFTU policy for colonies, 179

Ollenhauer, Eric, 33, 162, 248, 439n23

OPC-CIA. See Office of Policy Coordination–Central Intelligence Agency (OPC-CIA)

“Operation August,” 270

“Operation GLADIO,” 93, 104

“Operation Nenni,” 244

Organización regional interamericana de Trabajadores (ORIT), 74, 262, 323, 462n57

Organization for European Economic Cooperation–Trade Union Advisory Committee (OEEC-TUAC), 68–69, 201, 372n102

Organization of African Unity, 224

Ostpolitik, 336, 344, 350, 466n83

Otero, Joaquin (Jack), 445n75, 448n95

Pager, Robert, 56

Paladino, Morris, 233, 294–316 passim, 325–39 passim, 461n57, 473n7

Pan-African Congress Refugee Centre, 243

pan-Africanism, 178–82, 224, 419n115, 422n13, 432n101

Paris Accords, 134, 146

Het Parool, 230, 232

Parri, Enrico, 100–103

Partito socialista democratico italiano (PSDI), 165–66

Partito socialista italiano (PSI), 166, 245–46, 394n34, 441n29

Pastore, Giulio, 71, 100, 122, 396n53, 456n8

Patzantzis, John, 44

PCF. See Communist Party of France (PCF)

Peace Corps, 243, 258, 266, 436n2

peaceful coexistence, 188, 452n109

Pegler, Westbrook, 137–38, 403n107

Perón, Juan, 342

Perspectives Syndicales/Labour Perspectives, 292

Petrescu, Constantin-Titel, 367n62

“Philip Murray Foundation,” 137

Philipsborn, John, 86, 381n59, 384n87

Pimenov, P. T., 268

Pissas, Michael, 414n77

Pollack, Harry, 326

Pollard, Rowland P., 430n80, 435n125

Populaire, Le, 50, 95, 385n89

Porter, Paul, 25

positive neutrality, 152, 215, 254, 286

Postal, Telegraph and Telephone International (PTTI), 223, 258–61, 425n38, 448n94, 450n102

Potofsky, Jacob: abstains in vote to disaffiliate from ICFTU, 319; approves terms of CIO project on Genoa docks, 117; biographical note, 393–94n32; ebbing support for Reuther in dispute with Meany, 271; financial role in support of PSI in 1963 Italian elections, 246; resignation as co-chairman of AFL-CIO international affairs committee, 160, 177, 410n34; as top-level architect of CIO international policy, 119, 153, 391n18

Poulsen, Juul, 267, 449n101

Prague Spring, 305–10, 320, 348

Profous, Jaraslov, 97–98, 386n98

Prokhorov, V. I., 285

Public Service International (PSI), 450–51n102

Radio Free Europe, 98

Railway Labor Executives’ Association, 402n102

Ramadier, Paul, 48

Randolph, A. Philip, 178, 417n99

Rantanen, Jaako, 464n69

Rassemblement démocratique révolutionnaire, 385n91

Rathbun, Ben, 26–27, 362n26

Rauh, Joseph, 239, 270–71

Regional Activities Fund (RAF), 79

Reina, Fr. Mario, 440n27

Reinhardt, Frederick, 440n29

Reischauer, Edwin O., 251

Rens, Jef, 293–96, 346

Résistance ouvrière, 32, 35, 50, 363n6

Reuther, Roy, 111

Reuther, Victor: addresses DGB executive board on UAW application for ICFTU affiliation, 317–18; advises against UAW donation to Mboya, 169; advocates IMF programme for Japan, 249; assessment of by Brown, 392n22, 395n46; assessment of by Lovestone, 114, 392n22, 393n29; assesses growing crisis in ICFTU, 130–31; assigned international responsibilities for UAW, 112; campaigns against AIFLD, 261, 263–64; and CIO organizing and training programmes via IMF, 119, 122, 146; and CIO scheme for additional ICFTU assistant general secretaries, 138–39; and CIO strategy in France and Italy, 116; and CIO training programme at La Brevière, 126; claims close links to President-elect Kennedy, 437n4; claims to speak for united AFL-CIO over Millard’s appointment, 156–57; concerned by Woodcock’s international stance, 425n35; concerned over AALC being funded by AID, 215; condemns ERP pilot plant scheme, 123; conducts research on CIA activity in American labour movement, 270–71; criticizes Japanese wage system, 444n62; description of, 111, 391n16; drafts AIFLD withdrawal letter, 262; establishes CIO office in Paris, 114; and first visit to Europe, 112; Free World Labor Fund and exclusive international role therein, 241; and funding sought by CIO from MSA, 125; and IMF as Reuther power base, 113; gives press interview on CIA activity within organized labour, 266–67; and issue of CIA funding for CIO, 145, 394n34, 397n61; leads ADA team to Poland, 266; leads CIO exploratory mission to Europe, 113; meets Lindblom over aid to Finnish labour, 116; as member of combined CIO-AFL delegation to assess ERP, 113; obstructed by US embassies in Paris and Rome, 118; offered post of chief labour adviser to MSA, 113; relations with Ross, 135, 137–40 passim; role of within “Operation Nenni,” 246–47; as speaker at DGB May Day rally, 114; speaks up for Brown as member of ICFTU mission to Algeria, 411n46; unhappy with outcome of merger, 144–45, 151; and visit to Shelepin, 305–6; withdrawal of UAW from AFL-CIO predicted by as inevitable, 312; and world tour to line up support for UAW at ICFTU congress, 317, 330